Circulatory Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
fluid between cells
A
interstitial fluid
2
Q
muscular organ that pumps a fluid through a system of tubular vessels
A
heart
3
Q
circulatory system in which blood leaves vessels and flows among tissues
A
open circulatory system
4
Q
circulatory system in which blood flows through a continuous network of vessels
A
closed c.s.
5
Q
smalles-diameter blood vessels
site of exchange of gases and other materials
A
capillaries
6
Q
network of capillaries supplying blood to an organ
A
capillary bed
7
Q
one heart 2 chambers one circuit
A
fish
8
Q
2 circuit 3 chambers
A
amphibians and reptiles
9
Q
wide diameter blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to organs
A
arteries
10
Q
smaller arteries
A
arterioles
11
Q
large-diameter vessels that return blood to the heart
A
veins
12
Q
circuit through which blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back
A
pulmonary
13
Q
Flow is faster than in open systems
•Found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates
A
Closed C.S.
14
Q
Heart chamber that receives blood from a vein and pumps it into a ventricle
A
atrium
15
Q
Heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart and into an artery
A
ventricle
16
Q
Circuit through which blood flows from the heart to the body tissues and back
A
systemic
17
Q
Blood vessel that carries blood from an artery to a capillary bed
A
arteriole
18
Q
Small-diameter blood vessel that carries blood from capillaries to a vein
A
venule
19
Q
Large-diameter vessel that returns blood to the heart
A
vein
20
Q
Large artery that receives blood pumped out of the left ventricle
A
aorta
21
Q
protects the heart
A
pericardium
22
Q
deliver blood to the right atrium
A
superior and inferior vena cava
23
Q
deliver blood to the left atrium
A
pulmonary veins
24
Q
prevent blood from moving backwards
A
Atrioventricular (AV), aortic, and pulmonary valves
25
Sequence of contraction and relaxation of heart chambers that occurs with each heartbeat
cardiac cycle
26
Group of heart cells (SA node) that emits rhythmic signals calling for atrial contraction
•Signals AV node to begin ventricular contraction
cardiac pacemaker
27
Life-saving technique that keeps oxygen flowing to tissues when the heart stops beating; involves mouth-to-mouth respiration, chest compressions
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
28
Device that administers an electric shock to the chest wall to reset the SA node, restart the heart
defibrillator
29
* Fluid portion of blood, composed of water with dissolved ions and molecules
* Transports gases, nutrients, wastes, signaling molecules, plasma proteins
plasma
30
* Hemoglobin-filled blood cells that transport oxygen and, to a lesser extent, carbon dioxide
* Lack nucleus and organelles, live about 4 months
RBC
31
•Various kinds function in housekeeping (digest debris) and defend against viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens
WBC
32
•Cell fragment that patches tears in blood vessels and initiates blood clotting
platelet
33
•Brief stretching of artery walls that occurs when ventricles contract
pulse
34
* Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels
* Highest in arteries, lowest in veins
blood pressure
35
•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting
systolic pressure
36
•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting
diastolic pressure
37
Physiological process by which animals obtain oxygen and get rid of waste CO2
respiration
38
•Moist surface across which gases are exchanged between animal cells and the air
respiratory surface
39
•Gas exchange across the outer body surface
Integumentary exchange
40
•Folds or body extensions that increase the surface area for respiration
gills
41
•Branching tubes that deliver air from the body surface to tissues of insects and some other land arthropods with hard exoskeletons
tracheal system
42
protects the heart
pericardium
43
deliver blood to the right atrium
superior and inferior vena cava
44
deliver blood to the left atrium
pulmonary veins
45
prevent blood from moving backwards
Atrioventricular (AV), aortic, and pulmonary valves
46
Sequence of contraction and relaxation of heart chambers that occurs with each heartbeat
cardiac cycle
47
Group of heart cells (SA node) that emits rhythmic signals calling for atrial contraction
•Signals AV node to begin ventricular contraction
cardiac pacemaker
48
Life-saving technique that keeps oxygen flowing to tissues when the heart stops beating; involves mouth-to-mouth respiration, chest compressions
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
49
Device that administers an electric shock to the chest wall to reset the SA node, restart the heart
defibrillator
50
* Fluid portion of blood, composed of water with dissolved ions and molecules
* Transports gases, nutrients, wastes, signaling molecules, plasma proteins
plasma
51
* Hemoglobin-filled blood cells that transport oxygen and, to a lesser extent, carbon dioxide
* Lack nucleus and organelles, live about 4 months
RBC
52
•Various kinds function in housekeeping (digest debris) and defend against viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens
WBC
53
•Cell fragment that patches tears in blood vessels and initiates blood clotting
platelet
54
•Brief stretching of artery walls that occurs when ventricles contract
pulse
55
* Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels
* Highest in arteries, lowest in veins
blood pressure
56
•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting
systolic pressure
57
•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting
diastolic pressure
58
Physiological process by which animals obtain oxygen and get rid of waste CO2
respiration
59
•Moist surface across which gases are exchanged between animal cells and the air
respiratory surface
60
•Gas exchange across the outer body surface
Integumentary exchange
61
•Folds or body extensions that increase the surface area for respiration
gills
62
•Branching tubes that deliver air from the body surface to tissues of insects and some other land arthropods with hard exoskeletons
tracheal system
63
protects the heart
pericardium
64
deliver blood to the right atrium
superior and inferior vena cava
65
deliver blood to the left atrium
pulmonary veins
66
prevent blood from moving backwards
Atrioventricular (AV), aortic, and pulmonary valves
67
Sequence of contraction and relaxation of heart chambers that occurs with each heartbeat
cardiac cycle
68
Group of heart cells (SA node) that emits rhythmic signals calling for atrial contraction
•Signals AV node to begin ventricular contraction
cardiac pacemaker
69
Life-saving technique that keeps oxygen flowing to tissues when the heart stops beating; involves mouth-to-mouth respiration, chest compressions
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
70
Device that administers an electric shock to the chest wall to reset the SA node, restart the heart
defibrillator
71
* Fluid portion of blood, composed of water with dissolved ions and molecules
* Transports gases, nutrients, wastes, signaling molecules, plasma proteins
plasma
72
* Hemoglobin-filled blood cells that transport oxygen and, to a lesser extent, carbon dioxide
* Lack nucleus and organelles, live about 4 months
RBC
73
•Various kinds function in housekeeping (digest debris) and defend against viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens
WBC
74
•Cell fragment that patches tears in blood vessels and initiates blood clotting
platelet
75
•Brief stretching of artery walls that occurs when ventricles contract
pulse
76
* Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels
* Highest in arteries, lowest in veins
blood pressure
77
•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting
systolic pressure
78
•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting
diastolic pressure
79
Physiological process by which animals obtain oxygen and get rid of waste CO2
respiration
80
•Moist surface across which gases are exchanged between animal cells and the air
respiratory surface
81
•Gas exchange across the outer body surface
Integumentary exchange
82
•Folds or body extensions that increase the surface area for respiration
gills
83
•Branching tubes that deliver air from the body surface to tissues of insects and some other land arthropods with hard exoskeletons
tracheal system
84
Internal saclike organs; serve as the respiratory surface in most land vertebrates and some fish
lungs
85
•Throat; opens to airways and digestive tract
pharynx
86
Short airway containing vocal cords (voice box); contraction of vocal cords changes the size of the glottis
larynx
87
Opening formed when the vocal cords relax
glottis
88
* Tissue flap at the entrance to the larynx
| * Folds down to prevent food from entering the trachea when you swallow
epiglottis
89
* Major airway leading to the lungs; windpipe
| * Branches into two bronchi, each leading to a lung
trachea
90
•Airway connecting the trachea to a lung
bronchus or bronchi
91
•Small airway leading from bronchus to alveoli
bronchiole
92
* Tiny, thin-walled air sacs
| * Site of gas exchange in the lung
alveoli
93
Dome-shaped muscle at base of thoracic cavity that alters thoracic cavity size during breathing
diaphragm
94
•Muscles between the ribs; help alter the size of the thoracic cavity during breathing
intercostal muscles
95
* One inhalation and one exhalation
* Inhalation is always active (requires energy)
* Exhalation is usually passive
respiratory cycle
96
* Red blood cells are impaired or fewer than normal
* Decreases oxygen delivery to cells
* Caused by sickle cell anemia, malaria, lack of iron
anemia
97
Cancer that increases white blood cell numbers
| •Impairs normal blood functions
leukemia
98
a clot that forms in a vessel and remains there
thrombus
99
a clot that forms in a blood vessel, then breaks loose
embolus
100
* Artery interior narrows because of lipid deposition and inflammation
* LDLs deposit cholesterol; HDLs remove it
atherosclerosis
101
Chronically high blood pressure (above 140/90)
hypertension
102
•Heart cells die because of impaired blood flow through coronary arteries
heart attack
103
•Brain cells die because a clot or vessel rupture disrupts blood flow within the brain
stroke
103
Gas exchange across the outer body surface
Integumentary exchange
