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Bio 20 > Circulatory > Flashcards

Circulatory Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Define artery

A

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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2
Q

Define pulse

A

Change in the diameter of the arteries following heart contractions

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3
Q

Define autonomic nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that controls the motor nerves that regulate equilibrium, not under conscious control

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4
Q

Define vasoconstriction

A

The narrowing of blood vessels, allowing less blood to the tissues

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5
Q

Define vasodilation

A

The widening of blood vessels, allowing more blood to the tissues

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6
Q

Define atherosclerosis

A

A degeneration of blood vessels caused by the accumulation of fat deposits in the inner wall

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7
Q

Define arteriosclerosis

A

A group of disorders that cause the blood vessels to thicken, harden, and lose their elasticity

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8
Q

Define aneurysm

A

A bulge in the weakened wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery

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9
Q

Define vein

A

A blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart

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10
Q

Define septum

A

A wall of muscle that separates the right and left sides of the heart

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11
Q

Define pulmonary circulatory

A

The system of blood vessels that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart

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12
Q

Define systemic circulatory system

A

The system of blood vessels that carries oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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13
Q

Define atrium

A

A thin walled chamber of the heart that receives blood from veins

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14
Q

Define ventricle

A

A muscular, thick walled chamber of the heart that delivers blood to the arteries

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15
Q

Define artioventricular (AV) valve

A

A heart valve that prevents the back flow of blood from a ventricle into an atrium

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16
Q

Define semilunar valve

A

A valve that prevents the back flow of blood from and artery into a ventricle

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17
Q

Define aorta

A

The largest artery in the body, carries oxygenated blood to the tissues

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18
Q

Define coronary artery

A

An artery that supplies the cardiac muscle with oxygen and nutrients

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19
Q

Define myogenic muscle

A

Muscle that contracts without external nerve stimulation

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20
Q

Define sinoatrial (SA) node

A

A small mass of tissue in the right atrium that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat

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21
Q

Define atrioventricular (AV) node

A

A small mass of tissue in the right atrioventricular region through which impulses from the sinoatrial node are passed to the ventricles

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22
Q

Define purkinje fibre

A

A nerve fibre that branches and carries electrical impulses throughout the ventricles

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23
Q

Define sympathetic nervous system

A

A division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stress

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24
Q

Define parasympathetic nervous system

A

A division of the autonomic nervous system that returns the body to normal resting levels following adjustments to stress

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25
Define diastole
Relaxation (dilation) of the heart, during which the atria fill with blood
26
Define systole
Contraction of the heart, during which blood is pushed out of the heart
27
Define cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute
28
Define stroke volume
The quantity of blood pumped with each beat of the heart
29
Define sphygmomanometer
A device used to measure blood pressure
30
Define thermoregulation
Maintenance of body temperature within a range that enables cells to function efficiently
31
Define hypothalamus
Region of a vertebrates brain responsible for coordinating many nerve and hormone functions
32
Define extracellular fluid (EFC)
Fluid that occupies the spaces between cells and tissues, includes plasma and interstitial fluid
33
Define filtration
The selective movement of materials through capillary walls by a pressure gradient
34
Define lymph
The fluid found in lymph vessels that contains some proteins that have leaked through capillary walls
35
Define lymph node
A mass of tissue that stores lymphocytes and removes bacteria and foreign particles from the lymph
36
Define lymphocyte
A white blood cell that produces antibodies
37
Define spleen
A lymphoid organ that acts as a reservoir for blood and a filtering site for lymph
38
Define thymus gland
A lymphoid organ in which T lymphocytes mature
39
Define plasma
The fluid portion of the blood
40
Define erythrocyte
A red blood cell that contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen
41
Define anemia
The reduction in blood oxygen due to low levels of hemoglobin or poor red blood cell production
42
Define leukocyte
A white blood cell
43
Define platelet
A component of blood responsible for initiating blood clotting
44
Define thrombus
A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and blocks it
45
Define embolus
A blood clot that dislodges and is carried by the circulatory system to another part of the body
46
Define antigen
A substance, usually protein, that stimulates the formation of an antibody
47
Define antibody
A protein formed within the blood that reacts with an antigen
48
Define agglutination
The clumping of blood cells caused by antigens and antibodies
49
Define phagocytosis
The process by which a white blood cell engulfs and chemically destroys a microbe
50
Define macrophage
A phagocytic white blood cells found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen and liver
51
Define pus
A thick liquid composed of protein fragments from digested leukocytes and microbes
52
Define inflammatory response
Localized nonspecific response triggered when tissue cells are injured by bacteria or physical injury, characterized by swelling, heat, redness, and pain
53
Define complement protein
A plasma protein that helps defend against invading microbes by tagging the microbe for phagocytosis, puncturing cell membranes, or triggering the formation of a mucous coating
54
Define T cell
A lymphocyte, manufacturer in the bone marrow and processed by the thymus gland, that identifies and attacks foreign substances
55
Define B cell
A lymphocyte, made and processed in the bone marrow, that produces antibodies
56
Define receptor site
A port along a cell membrane into which hormones, nutrients, and other needed materials fit
57
Define helper T cell
A T cell with receptors that bind to fragments of antigens
58
Define lymphokine
A protein produced by the T cells that acts as a chemical messenger between other T cells and B cells
59
Define killer T cell
A T cell that destroys microbes, body cells infected with viruses, and mutated cells by puncturing cell membranes
60
Define suppressor T cell
A T cell that turns off the immune system
61
Define memory B cell
A B cell that retains information about the shape of an antigen
62
Define pluripotent cell
A cell that is capable of developing into a number of specialized cell, such as neutron or muscle cell
63
The pulmonary circulatory system is the system of blood vessels that carries blood to and from the _________. The systematic circulatory system is the system of blood vessels that carries blood to and from the __________.
Lungs | Body
64
Proteins in the EFC are returned to the circulatory system by the ______________________________
Lymphatic system
65
Lymph nodes house ____________________
White blood cells
66
Erythrocytes function primarily to transport ____________
Oxygen
67
What is the universal recipient blood type
AB
68
What is the universal donor blood type
Type O
69
_______ and _______ membranes provide physical barriers that prevent most infectious organisms from entering the body
Skin and mucous
70
What is the function of the helper T cells
Act as sentries to identify foreign invading substances
71
What is the function of B cells
To produce antibodies
72
What is the function of killer T cells
Puncture cell membranes of infected cells, thereby killing the cell
73
What is the function of suppressor T cells
They turn off the immune system
74
What is the function of memory B cells
Retain information about the shape of an antigen
75
Where are beta 1 receptors found
The surface of cardiac muscle
76
Where are beta 2 receptors found
The blood vessels and bronchioles leading into the lungs

Bio 20 (5 decks)

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