Circulatory Drugs

Question 1

Drugs used to lower lipids level

Answer 1

Antilipemic Drugs

Question 2

Prevent resorption of bile acids from small intestine

Answer 2

Bile Acid Sequestrants

Question 3

Side Effects: Bile Acid Sequestrants

Answer 3

a. Constipation
b. Heartburn

Question 4

Examples: Bile Acid Sequestrants

Answer 4

a. Cholestyramine (Questran)
b. Colestipol hydrochloride (Colestid)
c. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (HMGs or statins)
d. 3-hydroxy-3 methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase

Question 5

HMG - COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS ( HMGS OR STATINS )

Answer 5

a. Inhibits HMG - COA reductase
which is used by the liver to produce cholesterol
b. Lower the rate of cholesterol production

Question 6

Side Effects: HMG - COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS ( HMGS OR STATINS )

Answer 6

a. Mild, transient GI disturbances
b. Hepatotoxicity

Question 7

Reductase Inhibitors: (HMGs or statins)

Answer 7

Statin drugs are for a lifetime commitment

Question 8

Examples:

Answer 8

a. Lovastatin ( mevacor )
b. Pravastatin ( pravachol )
c. Simvastatin ( zocor )
d. Atorvastatin ( lipitor )
e. Cerivastatin ( baycol )
f. Fluvastatin ( lescol )
g. Most potent LDL reducers

Question 9

Believed to work by activating lipase, which breaks down cholesterol

Answer 9

Fibric Acid Derivatives

Question 10

Side Effects: Fibric Acid Derivatives

Answer 10

a. Abdominal discomfort
b. Diarrhea
c. Nausea

Question 11

Examples: Fibric Acid Derivatives

Answer 11

a. Clofibrate
b. Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
c. Fenofibrate ( Tricor )

Question 12

Thought to increase activity of lipase, which breaks down lipids

Answer 12

Niacin (nicotinic acid)

Question 13

Indications: Niacin

Answer 13

a. Effective in lowering triglyceride, total serum cholesterol, amd LDL levels

Question 14

Side Effects: Niacin

Answer 14

a. FLushing (due to histamine release)
b. Pruritus
c. GI distress

Question 15

Interventions: Niacin

Answer 15

To minimize side effects of niacin, start on low initial dose and gradually increase it and take with meals

Question 16

Inhibits Clot Formation

Answer 16

Anticoagulants

Question 17

Side Effects : Heparin

Answer 17

Bleeding

Question 18

Anticoagulant Antidote for Heparin

Answer 18

Protamine Sulfate (IV)

Question 19

Inhibit thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin

Answer 19

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

Question 20

Example: Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

Answer 20

Desidurin (iprivask)

Question 21

Oral Anticoagulants: Warfarin

Answer 21

Inhibit hepatic synthesis of vitamin K thus affecting the clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X

Question 22

Side Effects: Warfarin

Answer 22

Bleeding

Question 23

Antidote for Warfarin

Answer 23

Vitamin K (Phytonadione)

Question 24

Indications: Warfarin

Answer 24

a. Thromboembolic conditions
b. Thrombophlebitis
c. Pulmonary embolism
d. Embolism formation/t atrial fibrillation

Question 25

​​Suppress platelet aggregation by blocking the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to the platelet ADP receptor.

Answer 25

Antiplatelet

Question 26

Examples: Antiplatelets

Answer 26

a. clopidogrel (Plavix) b. ticlopidine (Ticlid) c. dipyridamole (Persantine) d. aspirin

Question 27

Prevents ‘TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK‘

Answer 27

Antiplatelet

Question 28

Promote the fibrinolytic mechanism to prevent blood clot

Answer 28

Thrombolytics

Question 29

Indications: Thrombolytics

Answer 29

a. Pulmonary embolism b. DVT c. Noncoronary arterial occlusion d. Thrombotic stroke

Question 30

Examples: Thrombolytics

Answer 30

a. Alteplase (t-PA) b. Streptokinase c. Urokinase d. Reteplase e. Tenecteplase f. Thrombolytics

Question 31

Adverse Effect: Thrombolytics

Answer 31

a. Anaphylaxis when using streptokinase b. Hemorrhage c. Vascular collapse (streptokinase) d. Reperfusion dysrhythmia

Question 32

Treat peripheral vascular disease by increasing blood flow to the extremities

Answer 32

Vasodilators

Question 33

Antidote for Thrombolytics

Answer 33

aminocaproic acid (Amicar)

Question 34

Increase circulation due to peripheral vascular disease

Answer 34

Isoxsuprine HCL ( vasodilan )

Question 35

Isoxsuprine HCL (vasodilan)

Answer 35

a. Short half life b. Pregnancy Category C

Question 36

Side Effects: Isoxsuprine HCL (vasodilan)

Answer 36

a. Nausea and Vomiting b. Rash, flushing, abominable distention c. Hypotension d. Tachycardia

Question 37

Desired therapeutic effect of Isoxsuprine HCL (vasodilan)

Answer 37

May take 1.5 to 3 months

Question 38

Other Examples: Vasodilators

Answer 38

a. Tolazoline HCL b. Papaverin c. Prazosin d. Ergoloid mesylates e. Nicotinyl alcohol