Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BPK Modules 7-12 > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Blood functions

A
  1. Transport of gases, nutrients, and waste products
  2. Transport of molecules
  3. Transport of regulatory molecules
  4. regulation of pH, osmosis, and body temperature
  5. Protection
  6. Clot formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plasma

A

liquid matrix that contrains blood cells and other things being transported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

formed elements

A

cells in the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plasma elements

A

proteins, ions, nutrients, waste products, gases, hormones, and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Formed elements elements

A

platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plasma proteins

A

albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Albumin

A

prevents fluid from leaking out of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

globulins

A

part of the immune system and transport molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fibrinogen

A

a clotting factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Serum

A

plasma without clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Serum

A

plasma without clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

the process that produces formed elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Red blood cell making

A
  1. Hematopoietic stem cell
  2. Myeloid stem cell
  3. Proerythroblast
  4. Early erythroblast
  5. Intermediate erythroblast
  6. late erythroblast
  7. Reticulocyte
  8. Red blood cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Red blood cells

A

the most abundant substance in the formed elements that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Red blood cells shape

A

biconcave disk that increases surface area for more gas exchange they can also decrease in size to more easily pass through capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Capillaries

A

where red blood cells exchange gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hemoglobin

A

a red protein that binds to oxygen and co2 for transport in red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oxygen transport

A
  1. O2 enters red blood cell
    2.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hemoglobin structure

A

Four protein chains called globin are each bound to one heme group. Each heme contains one iron atom which attaches to O2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Red blood cell colour

A

When hemoglobin is bound to O2 it is bright red. When it does not have oxygen it is a dark red.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Carbonic anhydrase

A

an enzyme found in red blood cells that catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to create bicarbonate and then the bicarbonate can be transported by the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ways of transporting co2

A

Turing it into bicarbonate, binding it to protiens and dissoliving in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Proerythroblasts

A

the stem cell that creates red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When does red blood cells lose their nucleus

A

during the late erythroblast stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
What signals the creation of red blood cells
low blood O2 levels due to decreased number of red blood cells, lung issues, hemoglobin issues, and issues in blood transport
25
erythropoietin
a glycoprotein that stimulates red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells
26
how are red blood cells disposed?
macrophage breaks down hemoglobin > globin is broken into amino acids > iron is released from heme group > heme molecules are converted to bilirubin > bilirubin is excreted
27
pulmonary circulation
systems of blood vessels that carry blood from the right ventrile to the lungs and back to the left atrium
28
systemic circulation
blood vessels that carry blood from the left ventrile to the body and back to the right atrium
29
heart functions
generating blood pressure, routing blood, ensuring one way flow, and regulating blood supply
30
apex
point of the heart
31
base
flat end of the heart
32
pericaridal cavity
heart cavity
33
pericardium layers
fibrous pericardium (outer layer), serous pericardium (inner layer with two parts(parietal and visceral))
34
paricardial fluid
thin layer of protective fluid around the heart
35
Four chambers of the heart
right and left atrium and the right and left ventricle
36
Artiums
Function as resovoirs for blood before it enters the ventricles. The right recieves blood from the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus
37
Interatrial septum
separtates the two atriums
38
Interventricual septum
separates the two ventricles
39
Atrioventricular valve (AV)
valves that open into the ventrical to prevent blood back flow. It works by the ventricles contracting causing blood to flow up and the valves to close. When the atrium has higher pressure it opens the valves.
40
Tricuspid valve
a valve composed of three cusps that open into the right ventricle
41
bicuspid valve
a valve composed of two cusps that open into the left ventricle
42
papillary muscles
muscular pillars which the chordae tendineae attach
43
Chordae tendineae
heart strings that open and close the AV when the ventricles contract
44
Semilunar valve
one of two valves that prevent blood flow into the ventricles following ejection
45
pulmonary semilunar valve
valve that prevents backflow into the right ventricle
46
aortic semilunar valve
valve that prevents backflow into the left ventricle
47
cardiac skeleton
fibrous rings that surround the vavlues and give them support
48
Route of blood flow in the heart
Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava > blood goes through the tricupid valve into the right ventricle > right atrial contracts and causes the right ventricle to also contract > blood flows to lungs > Blood is oxygenated > Blood enters the left atrium > left atrium contracts causing the left ventricle to also contract > blood leaves via aorta.
49
coronary arteries
supply the heart with blood
50
heart wall composition
Epicardium (outersurface) myocardium (middle layer) - contractions Endocardium (innerlayer) - blood to heart
51
Trabeculae carneae
cardiac muscle iin the ventricles of the inner layer
52
Heart signaling
1. Heart is at rest 2. Cardiac muscles are stimulated by action potentionals 3. cardiac muscles in the artial contract 4. cardiac muscles in the ventrical are stimulated second 5. cardiac muscles in the ventrical contract
53
action potental of skeletal muscle
a very quick depolarization that causes a spike in tension
54
action potental of cardiac muscle
quick depolarization followed by a plateau that causes elongated tension
55
Path way of action potentials
1. SA node sends a signal to the left and right atrium causing a contraction and the AV node 2. AV node spreads the action potential through the AV bundle 3. The AV bundles become Purkinje fibers and extend to the ventricle walls causing a contraction
56
Ectopic beat
when something other then the SA node starts the action potential
57
fibrillation
a condition that causes irregular heart beat due to ectopic beats
58
electrocardiogram
a recording to the action potentials of a heart
59
cardiac cycle
repetitive pumping of the heart 1. blood flows into atria 2. atiral systole causes atrium to contract 3. Verticular systole contraction pushes blood towards the atrium causing the valves to close 4. increasing pressure pushes blood out of the heart 5. ventricular diastole relaxes the heart.
59
cardiac cycle
repetitive pumping of the heart 1. blood flows into atria 2. atiral systole causes atrium to contract 3. Verticular systole contraction pushes blood towards the atrium causing the valves to close 4. increasing pressure pushes blood out of the heart 5. ventricular diastole relaxes the heart.
60
Circulatory system functions
carry blood, transport, regulate blood pressure, blood flow to tissues, exchange
61
pulmonary vessels
vessels that carry blood to the lungs
62
systemic vessels
transport blood to the body
63
capillaries
where nutrient and gas exchange occur
64
Veins
carries blood towards the heart after gas exchange and contain valves to prevent blood back flow
65
tunica intima
inner layer of blood vessles
66
Tunica media
middle layer of blood vessles
67
tunica adventitia
the outer dense layer of blood vessels
68
Elastic Arteries
the largest arteries with the thickest walls that stretch from blood pressure
69
Muscular arteries
control blood flow to different regions of the body.
70
Vasoconstriction
contraction of the muscular arteries to decrease blood flow
71
Vasodilation
muscular arteries relax to increase blood flow
72
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
73
Arterioles
takes the blood to the capillaries and only have one or two layers
74
precapillary sphincters
smoother muscles that can cut off blood flow to certrain capillary routes
75
Vennules
the smallest veins that attach to capillaries
76
Blood pressure
the force of blood against the blood vessel walls
77
Systolic pressure
the maximum value of blood pressure
78
diastolic pressure
the minimal value of blood pressure
79
Baroreceptor reflex
A decrease in blood pressure is snesed by the baroreceptors. Signal is sent to the medulla. sympathetic division increases heart rate. Epinephrine cuase vessel constriction

BPK Modules 7-12 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions