Circulatory System

Question 1

The transport system of the body

Answer 1

Circulatory system

Question 2

3 Components of Circulatory System

Answer 2

• Heart
• Blood vessels
• Blood

Question 3

Heart separates the pulmonary and systemic circulations and ensures the flow and supply of oxygen-rich blood to tissues.

Answer 3

Routing blood

Question 4

Left side of the heart pumps blood to all other tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart

Answer 4

Systemic circulation

Question 5

Right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

Answer 5

Pulmonary circulation

Question 6

Contraction of the heart generates blood pressure that forces blood through the blood vessels

Answer 6

Generation of blood pressure

Question 7

The human heart has its own cavity. What cavity is it?

Answer 7

pericardial cavity

Question 8

The left and right atria are separated by the

Answer 8

atrial septum

Question 9

The heart consists of 4 chambers.

Answer 9

> Left and right Atrium
Left and right Ventricle

Question 10

Left and right ventricles are separated by the

Answer 10

ventricular septum

Question 11

The right atrium and right ventricle are separated by the

Answer 11

Tricuspid valve

Question 12

The left atrium and left ventricle is separated by

Answer 12

Mitral valve

Question 13

Blood flow to the pulmonary arteries from the right ventricle is also guarded by the?

Answer 13

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 14

In the same manner, blood flow to the ascending aorta from the left ventricle is guarded by the?

Answer 14

aortic semilunar valve.

Question 15

blood flows away from the heart; 3 cell layers, thick-walled.

Answer 15

Arteries

Question 16

blood flows towards the heart; valves prevent backflow due to low blood pressure; 3 cell layers, thin-walled.

Answer 16

Veins

Question 17

connect arterioles to venules; the site of capillaries/tissues is where **nutrient/waste **exchange by diffusion takes place; 1 cell layer

Answer 17

Capillaries

Question 18

A blood vessels that can change along their length from elastic to muscular to microscopic

Answer 18

Arteries

Question 19

Receives blood from the the heart

Answer 19

Large arteries/ Aorta

Question 20

Guides blood direction

Answer 20

Medium-sized arteries/ Coronary arteries

Question 21

Regulate blood flow

Answer 21

Microscopic arteries/ arterioles

Question 22

A blood vessels that can change size from large to medium to venules

Answer 22

Veins

Question 23

A very small veins that collect blood from capillaries

Answer 23

Venules

Question 24

A type of veins that have thin tunica media and few smooth muscle cells ; tunica externa with longitudinal bundles of elastic fibers.

Answer 24

Medium sized veins

Question 25

A type of veins that have all 3 tunica layers, thick tunica externa and thin tunica media

Answer 25

Large veins

Question 26

The smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels, form the connection between the vessels

Answer 26

Capillaries

Question 27

Capillary distribution varies with what activity?

Answer 27

Metabolic Activity of body tissues

Question 28

A connective tissue consisting of plasma and formed elements

Answer 28

Blood

Question 29

erythrocytes

Answer 29

Red blood cells (RBCs)

Question 30

leukocytes

Answer 30

White blood cells (WBCs)

Question 31

It is composed of liquid plasma and formed elements

Answer 31

Blood

Question 32

Blood accounts for approximately how many percentage of our weight?

Answer 32

8%

Question 33

Pale yellow fluid containing over 100 solutes

Answer 33

Plasma

Question 34

Helps maintain osmotic pressure

Answer 34

Albumin

Question 35

38% of the plasma proteins

Answer 35

Globulins

Question 36

antibodies and complement

Answer 36

Immunity

Question 37

Mostly water (91%), Contains proteins (7%)

Answer 37

Plasma

Question 38

bind to molecules such as hormones

Answer 38

Transport

Question 39

Converted to fibrin during clot formation

Answer 39

Fibrinogen

Question 40

Just cell fragments most formed elements survive in the bloodstream for only a few days

Answer 40

Platelets

Question 41

Biconcave discs, anucleate, essentially no organelles.

Answer 41

RBCs

Question 42

What protein our RBCs contains that functions in gas transport?

Answer 42

hemoglobin (Hb)

Question 43

Accounts for about a third of the cell’s volume

Answer 43

Hemoglobin

Question 44

Each heme group bears an atom of?

Answer 44

Iron

Question 45

A molecules in hemoglobin that transport oxygen

Answer 45

Heme

Question 46

Oxygen content determines blood color

Answer 46

Oxygenated: bright red. Deoxygenated: darker red.

Question 47

Globin molecules transport

Answer 47

carbon dioxide

Question 48

The life span of an erythrocyte is

Answer 48

100–120 days

Question 49

Heme becomes ________that is secreted in bile.

Answer 49

bilirubin

Question 50

Make up 1% of the total blood volume

Answer 50

WBC

Question 50

contain large cytoplasmic granules

Answer 50

granulocytes

Question 51

very small granules that cannot be easily seen with the light microscope

Answer 51

agranulocytes

Question 52

Only blood components that are complete cells. Can leave capillaries via ameboid movement and move through tissue spaces.

Answer 52

WBC

Question 53

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Answer 53

Granulocytes

Question 54

Most common type of WBC. Our body’s bacteria slayers

Answer 54

Neutrophils

Question 55

Account for 0.5% of WBCs

Answer 55

Basophils

Question 56

inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and attracts other WBCs (antihistamines counter this effect)

Answer 56

Histamine

Question 57

prevents the formation of clots

Answer 57

Heparin

Question 58

Have red-staining, bi-lobed nuclei connected via a broad band of nuclear material and account for 1–4% of WBCs

Answer 58

Eosinophils

Question 59

lymphocytes and monocytes. Lack visible cytoplasmic granules

Answer 59

Agranulocytes

Question 60

Account for 25% or more of WBCs. Are found mostly enmeshed in lymphoid tissue (some circulate in the blood)

Answer 60

Lymphocytes

Question 61

There are two types of lymphocytes:

Answer 61

T cells B cells

Question 62

Stimulated by bacteria or toxins. Give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies.

Answer 62

B cells

Question 63

Protect against viruses and other intracellular microorganisms. Attack and destroy the cells that are infected.

Answer 63

T cells

Question 64

Account for 4–8% of leukocytes. They are the largest leukocytes

Answer 64

Monocytes

Question 65

Function in clotting

Answer 65

Platelets

Question 66

Seal holes in small vessels

Answer 66

Formation of platelet plugs

Question 67

Help seal off larger wounds in the vessels.

Answer 67

Formation of clots

Question 68

RBC membranes have glycoprotein antigens on their external surfaces.

Answer 68

Blood Groupings

Question 69

Acts as a solvent and suspending medium for blood components

Answer 69

Water

Question 70

Maintain osmotic pressure (albumin), destroy foreign substances (antibodies and complement), transport molecules (albumin and globulins), and form clots (fibrinogen)

Answer 70

Proteins

Question 71

Involved in osmotic pressure (sodium and chloride ions), membrane potentials (sodium and potassium ions), and acid-base balance (hydrogen, hydroxide, and bicarbonate ions)

Answer 71

Ions

Question 72

Source of energy and "building blocks" of more complex molecules (glucose, amino acids, triglycerides)

Answer 72

Nutrients

Question 73

Involved in aerobic respiration

Answer 73

Gases

Question 74

Breakdown products of protein metabolism (urea and ammonia salts) and red blood cells (bilirubin)

Answer 74

Waste products

Question 75

Catalyze chemical reactions (enzymes) and stimulate or inhibit many body functions (hormones)

Answer 75

Regulatory substances