Circulatory system

Question 1

Overview:

Answer 1

-made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels

-to transport substances around the body

-moves oxygen and other nutrients to all the cells in the body

Question 2

Function:

Answer 2

-Pick up oxygen from lungs

-Move nutrients absorbed from intestines

-Deliver nutrients and oxygen to active cells in body

-Carry waste from body tissues for disposal (carbon dioxide to lungs, other waste to kidneys)

-Regulate body temperature

-Transport of disease-fighting white blood cells to treat infection

Question 3

Circulation:

Answer 3

-heart pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide

-Oxygenated blood returns to heart from the lungs

-Heart pumps oxygenated blood to tissues to deliver oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide

-Deoxygenated blood returns to heart from the body

Question 4

heart

Answer 4

-Made of 3 types of tissue: cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and connective tissue

-Cardiac muscle is a special type of muscle found only in heart

-All of the cardiac muscle in each part of the heart contracts at same time to move blood around the body

-The heart pumps blood to a regular beat

-frequency can change based on different factors

Question 5

Heart tissue:

Answer 5

-Muscles and nerves are covered by epithelial tissue

-reduces friction and protects the heart

-inner surface is also lined with epithelial tissue to let the blood flow freely

-Hardening or roughening of the tissue can lead to health problems

Question 6

Chambers:

Answer 6

-4 chambers

-2 upper chambers receive blood (atrium)

-2 lower chambers pump blood out (ventricles)

Question 7

heart valves

Answer 7

-act like gates to make sure that blood only flows in the right direction

Question 8

Blood

Answer 8

-type of connective tissue that circulates throughout the body

-four components:

1. Red blood cells
2. White blood cells
3. Platelets
4. Plasma

Question 9

red blood cells

Answer 9

-make up about half the bloods volume

-contain protein called hemoglobyn

-protein transports oxygen and what makes blood appear

-do not have a nucleus

Question 10

white blood cells

Answer 10

infection-fighting cells

-recognize and destroy invading pathogens

-Less than 1% of blood’s volume

-only blood cells with nucleus

Question 11

platelets

Answer 11

tiny cells that play a role in blood clotting

-Less than 1% of the blood’s volume

Question 12

plasma

Answer 12

-protein rich liquid that carries blood cells around

-makes up over half bloods volume

Question 13

blood vessels

Answer 13

-network of tubes throughout the body

3 types:
-arteries
-veins
-capillaries

Question 14

arteries

Answer 14

-carry blood away from heart

-blood is under great pressure

-walls are thick

Question 15

veins

Answer 15

-carry blood towards heart

-lower pressure, thinner walls

-valves to ensure one way blood flow

Question 16

arteries and veins

Answer 16

largest blood vessels are nearest to heart

-get smaller and more numerous further from heart

Question 17

capillaries

Answer 17

-tiny blood vessels with very thin walls

-allow substances to diffuse between blood and other body fluids/tissues

-oxygen and nutrients diffuse

-wastes pass from tissues into blood

-every part of the body is supplied with blood by cappilaries

Question 18

diseases

Answer 18

coronary artery disease

heart attack

Question 19

Coronary Artery Disease

Answer 19

-Coronary arteries are the blood vessels that provide blood to the heart muscle tissue

-arteries can become partially blocked by plaque

-plaque - deposit made of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances that normally circulate in the blood

-can occur because of genetics or poor lifestyle choices; high fat diet, smoking, lack of exercise

-diagnosed by pecial X-ray called angiogram, where fluorescent dye is injected into bloodstream

Question 20

heart attack

Answer 20

-Coronary arteries can become completely blocked; plaque or a blood clot

-Heart muscle cells don’t receive oxygen and nutrients, so heart tissue cells die, and heart stops pumping

-Diagnosed with a blood test and electrocardiogram

-Electrocardiogram measures electrical signals created by heart beat

-Damaged heart muscle tissue has different electrical signals

Question 21

Defibrillators

Answer 21

-send a small, controlled electric shock to help restore a normal heartbeat

-Can be used to correct an uneven heartbeat or help restart a heart that has stopped beating

-(AEDs) can be found in public spaces (like schools) and used in an emergency

-AEDs have voice prompts and step-by-step instructions so anyone can use them