Digestive System

Question 1

Functions:

Answer 1

-Take in food
-Break up food
-Digest food
-Absorb nutrients and water
-excrete waste

Question 2

responsible for

Answer 2

turning food into energy necessary to survive and packaging residue for waste disposal

Question 3

Parts:

Answer 3

-mouth
-esophagus
-liver
-stomach
-gallbladder
-pancreas
-large intestine
-small intestine
-rectum
-anus

Question 4

Digestive tract:

Answer 4

-one long tube with 2 openings

-lined with epithelial tissue

-epithelial tissue is made of many different cells, contains goblet cells that secrete mucus

-layers of muscle tissue and nerves

Question 5

Mucus:

Answer 5

-protect digestive tubes from digestive enzymes

-allows material to pass through smoothly

Question 6

Mouth:

Answer 6

-where the process of breaking down food starts

-breaks down food mechanically and chemically

Mechanically: with teeth and tongue
Chemically: enzymes

-adds saliva, mixture of water and enzymes, to the food to help break down

Question 7

Esophagus:

Answer 7

-muscular tube connecting mouth and stomach

-smooth muscle tissue, can contract and relax without conscious thought

-movement of food down is controlled by nerve tissue

-contractions move food along digestive tract

Question 8

Stomach:

Answer 8

-major organ in digestive system
-hold food and churn it to continue digestion

-stomach lining contains cells that produce digestive enzymes and acids

-nerves to signal when we’ve had enough to eat

Question 9

Ulcers:

Answer 9

-caused by bacteria in the mucus lining

Question 10

Small intestine:

Answer 10

-6m long and narrow

-where most digestion occurs

-goblet cells secrete mucus

-nutrients diffuse through wall and enter bloodstream

Question 11

Large intestine:

Answer 11

-1.5 m long

-larger in diameter to small intestine

-aka colon

-absorbs water from indigestible food

-raiming solid is excreted as feces

Question 12

Rectum:

Answer 12

-8 inch chamber that holds excrements before traveling to anus

Question 13

Anus:

Answer 13

-final part of digestive tract

-has different muscles to detect excrements and keep them in place

Question 14

Accessory organs:

Answer 14

Secrete substances needed for chemical digestion, but food does not pass through these organs
-liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 15

Liver:

Answer 15

-produces bile
-helps break down fats

Question 16

Gallbladder:

Answer 16

-stores and concentrates bile

Question 17

Pancreas:

Answer 17

-produces enzyme called insulin

-insulin regulates the concentration of glucose in blood

-diabetes; too much or too little insulin