Circulatory System

Question 0

Plasma?

Answer 0

55% of total blood.

Question 1

Hematocrit?

Answer 1

% of total blood volume occupied by RBCs.

Question 2

Albumins?

Answer 2

54% of protein

Question 3

Formed Elements?

Answer 3

45% of total blood.

Question 4

Granulocytes?

Answer 4

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.

Question 5

Neutrophils/ PMN?

Answer 5

60-70% of WBC.

Question 6

Hemopoiesis/ Hematopoietic?

Answer 6

Process of developing formed elements.

Question 7

Red Marrow?

Answer 7

Vascularized connective tissue in spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone.

Question 8

Pluripotent Stem Cell?

Answer 8

Have the capacity to form into several types of cells.

Question 9

Myeloid Stem Cell?

Answer 9

Develop in red marrow RBC, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, PMN, or monocytes.

Question 10

Lymphoid Stem Cell?

Answer 10

Incomplete development in red marrow lymphoid tissue, B & T lymphocytes.

Question 11

Hemoglobin?

Answer 11

Pigment, carries oxygen.

Question 12

EPO (erythropoietin) (procrit - drug)?

Answer 12

Hormone made by kidneys -> red marrow -> stimulates erythropoiesis.

Question 13

Neutrophils?

Answer 13

Phagocytosis w/ lysozyme, destroy bacteria.

Question 14

Eosinophils?

Answer 14

Work w/ histamine, parasitic worms, allergies.

Question 15

Basophils?

Answer 15

Release histamine & other chemicals for inflammation, on allergic reactions.

Question 16

B Cells?

Answer 16

Plasma cells & memory B cell, abformation.

Question 17

T Cells?

Answer 17

Helps promote immune function or cytotoxic.

Question 18

Tc?

Answer 18

Kills entire cell.

Question 19

Th1?

Answer 19

Promotes infection, response.

Question 20

Th2?

Answer 20

Promoted allergic/ hypersensitivity response.

Question 21

NK Cells?

Answer 21

Target cancer cells & microbes.

Question 22

MHC (Major Histocompatability Complex)?

Answer 22

Proteins for identifying self cells.

Question 23

Heart - Base?

Answer 23

Top side, flat.

Question 24

Heart - Apex?

Answer 24

Point, bottom left.

Question 25

Heart - Ventricles?

Answer 25

2 lower chambers, exit.

Question 26

Heart - Atria?

Answer 26

2 upper chambers, entrance.

Question 27

Pericardium?

Answer 27

Membrane surrounding heart cavity, holds in place.

Question 28

Fibrous Pericardium?

Answer 28

Outer, tougher part, protective.

Question 29

Serous Pericardium?

Answer 29

Inner, thinner, more delicate.

Question 30

Parietal Layer?

Answer 30

Outer membrane forms sac around organ (heart) (pericardium).

Question 31

Visceral Layer?

Answer 31

Inner membrane, adheres directly to organ (heart) (epicardium).

Question 32

Epicardium?

Answer 32

Visceral layer, adhered to heart.

Question 33

Epicardium - the heart wall

Answer 33

Outer membrane.

Question 34

Foramen Ovale?

Answer 34

Opening in fetal heart that closes after birth, in interventricular septum.

Question 35

Superior & Inferior Vena Cava?

Answer 35

Drain deoxygenated blood from body into R. atria.

Question 36

Coronary Sinus?

Answer 36

Drains deoxy. blood from heart tissue, carry deoxy. blood to hear.

Question 37

Pulmonary Trunk?

Answer 37

Carries deoxy. blood from heart to lungs.

Question 38

Pulmonary Arteries?

Answer 38

Spilt from pulmonary trunk to go to R & L lungs.

Question 39

Pulmonary Veins?

Answer 39

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs back to heart.

Question 40

Ascending Aorta?

Answer 40

Carries oxygenated blood from heart to body.

Question 41

Chordae Tendinae?

Answer 41

Prevent valves from opening backwards, in ventricles.

Question 42

Papillary Muscle?

Answer 42

Connects chordae tendinae to projections in cardiac muscle.

Question 43

Anastamosis?

Answer 43

Connections from branches of arteries to provide alternate routes for blood flow.

Question 44

Systole?

Answer 44

Contraction phase.

Question 45

Diastole?

Answer 45

Relaxation phase.

Question 46

P Wave?

Answer 46

Atrial depolarization (.1 sec).

Question 47

QRS Complex?

Answer 47

Onset of ventricular depolarization (.3 sec).

Question 48

T Wave?

Answer 48

Ventricular repolarization (.4 sec).

Question 49

Cardiac Output?

Answer 49

CO = SV x HR

Question 50

Blood Pressure?

Answer 50

BP = SV x HR x TPR

Question 51

Elastic Artery?

Answer 51

Larger diameter - have more elastic fibers in middle layer.

Question 52

Muscular Artery?

Answer 52

Medium & small arteries, more muscle in middle layer, allows greater ability to vasodilate & vasoconstrict vessels & adjust blood flow.

Question 53

Valves?

Answer 53

Prevent backflow, continuous with endothelium.

Question 54

Venous Return?

Answer 54

Very little muscle in vessels, relies on contraction of heart, pedal pump & respiratory pump.

Question 55

Pedal Pump or Skeletal Muscle Pump?

Answer 55

As skeletal muscle contracts, it places pressure on the veins to squeeze blood through.

Question 56

Respiratory Pump?

Answer 56

As lungs expand, places pressure on veins to squeeze blood through.

Question 57

Vascular Resistance?

Answer 57

Opposition of vessels to flow of blood.

Question 58

Size of Lumen?

Answer 58

Decrease in size, increase in pressure

Question 59

Blood Viscosity?

Answer 59

Resistance to flow.

Question 60

Vessel Length?

Answer 60

Longer vessels, increase in pressure to move fluid.

Question 61

Hepatic Portal Circulation?

Answer 61

Systemic circulation makes a detour from intestines to the liver to process fats, toxins, and nutrients - then returns to the heart with the remaining circulation.