Circulatory System

Question 1

Arteries and veins in the shoulders

Answer 1

Subclavian arteries/veins

Question 2

Arteries and veins in the neck

Answer 2

Artery - Carotid

Vein - Jugular

Question 3

Artery leading to the intestine

Answer 3

Mesenteric artery

Question 4

Vein leading to & out of liver

Answer 4

From intestine to liver - Hepatic portal vein

Out of liver - Hepatic vein

Question 5

Arteries and veins in the kidney

Answer 5

Renal arteries/veins

Question 6

Arteries and veins in the lungs

Answer 6

Pulmonary arteries/veins

Question 7

Arteries and veins leading to the heart muscle

Answer 7

Coronary arteries/veins

Question 8

Largest artery in the body

Answer 8

Aorta

Question 9

Endothelium

Answer 9

Simple, squamous epithelium with basement membrane of connective tissues (contain elastic fibres)

Question 10

Inner layer of Artery

Answer 10

Endothelium (simple, squamous epithelium with basement membrane of connective tissues containing elastic fibres)

Question 11

Middle layer of Artery

Answer 11

Thickest layer.

Consists of smooth muscle that can contract to regulate blood flow/pressure.

Question 12

Outer layer of Artery

Answer 12

Fibrous connective tissue near middle, looser near peripheral

Question 13

Middle layer of Arteriole

Answer 13

Has some elastic tissue, mostly smooth muscle (fibres encircle Arteriole)
Contracting = increased BP
Dilation = decreased BP

Question 14

Capillary wall

Answer 14

One-cell thick, only endothelium with basement membrane.

Question 15

Difference between arterial wall and venular

Answer 15

Vein - less smooth muscle, therefore it’s thinner, lumen size (opening) is greater

Question 16

What prevents the back flow of blood

Answer 16

Valves

Question 17

Myocardium

Answer 17

Mainly cardiac muscle tissue, muscle fibres branched & tight together
Major portion of heart

Question 18

Pericardium

Answer 18

Thick, membranous sac that secretes a small quantity of lubricating liquid
Covers the heart

Question 19

Myocardium

Answer 19

Mainly cardiac muscle tissue, muscle fibres branched & tight together
Major portion of heart

Question 20

Sinoatrial node

Answer 20

Upper dorsal wall of right atrium
Initiates heartbeat (pacemaker)
Sends excitation impulse (every 0.85s) making the atria contract

Question 21

Atrioventricular node

Answer 21

Base of right atrium near septum
Receives pulse from sinoatrial node
Sends signal for ventricles to contract

Question 22

Purkinje fibres

Answer 22

Specialized fibres

Signal for ventricles to contract sent through here (starts from apex)

Question 23

Agglutination

Answer 23

Antigen of wrong blood type binds to antibody, blood clumps