Circulatory System

Question 1

What is TRANSPORT?

Answer 1

The process by which substances move into or out of cells or are distributed within cells

Question 2

Do simple organisms need a special system for transport? How do materials get around?

Answer 2

No - they just diffuse within and between cells

Question 3

What does the circulatory system do?

Answer 3

It transports materials to and from all parts of the organism

Question 4

What are the three parts of the circulatory system?

Answer 4

1. A fluid in which materials are transported - blood
2. A network of tubes or body spaces through which the fluid flows - veins and arteries
3. A pump - the heart

Question 5

What does blood do?

Answer 5

Picks up and delivers needed materials, like oxygen, nutrients, and water to your cells.
Picks up waste products from the cells, like urea and carbon dioxide

Question 6

What do veins do? What kind of blood do they carry?

Answer 6

Carry blood to the heart
Contain one-way valves that keep the blood flowing through the heart
Many are located near skeletal muscles, so when the muscle contracts, blood is forced through

Question 7

What do arteries do? What kind of blood do they carry?

Answer 7

Carry blood away from the heart
A FOR AWAY
All of them carry oxygen rich blood except for pulmonary artery
Have thick walls that withstand the powerful pressure produced when the heart contracts and pushes blood into the arteries

Question 8

What do capillaries do?

Answer 8

Connect veins and arteries
Smallest blood vessel
Walls are only 1 cell thick, so blood must pass through single file and nutrients and waste diffuse in and out easily

Question 9

Where is the heart? What does it do?

Answer 9

It’s a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body

It’s located near the center of the chest and is a hollow organ around the size of a clenched fist

Question 10

What is the pericardium?

Answer 10

A protective sac of tissue that encloses the heart

Question 11

What is the myocardium?

Answer 11

Thick layer of muscle in the heart that provides powerful contractions to pump blood throughout the circulatory system

Question 12

How many times per minute does the heart contract?

Answer 12

72, pumping about 70mL of blood with each contraction

Question 13

What is the septum of the heart?

Answer 13

A wall that divides the heart

Question 14

What is the upper side of the heart called? What does it do?

Answer 14

Atrium; it receives the blood

Question 15

What is the lower side of the heart called? What does it do? How does its muscles compare to the upper side of the heart?

Answer 15

Ventricle - pumps blood out of the heart

The walls of the ventricle are thicker and more powerful than those of the atria

Question 16

What do atrioventricular (A-V) valves do?

Answer 16

Allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles

Question 17

Where is the tricuspid valve? How many flaps does it have?

Answer 17

Located on the right of the heart, contains three flaps

Question 18

Where is the bicuspid valve? How many flaps does it have?

Answer 18

Located on the left and has two flaps

Question 19

Where are the semilunar valves? What do they do?

Answer 19

Located between the ventricles and the arteries that lead away from them.
This prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricles

Question 20

What happens in the right side of the heart?

Answer 20

PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Blood from all over the body comes into the right side and is pumped out towards the lungs. There, it can drop off carbon dioxide and pickup oxygen

Question 21

What happens in the left side of the heart?

Answer 21

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
After oxygen is picked up from the lungs, the oxygenated blood flows into the left side and is pumped to the rest of the body

Question 22

What is the AORTA? Where is it?

Answer 22

Largest artery

Leads from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

Question 23

Where does the first sound (“lub”) of the heartbeat come from?

Answer 23

The bicuspid and tricuspid valves closing when ventricles squeeze

Question 24

Where does the second sound (“dub”) of the heartbeat come from?

Answer 24

When the semilunar valves close, when your ventricles stop squeezing

Question 25

What does the sinoatrial node do? Where is it?

Answer 25

It’s called the pacemaker of the heart
It starts contracting, and then the impulse spreads to the whole atria, contracting it and pumping blood into the ventricles

Question 26

What is blood pressure measuring?

Answer 26

The heart contracts and a strong force from the blood pushes against the muscular walls of the arteries
There is still blood pressure when the ventricles are relaxed, but it’s not as strong

Question 27

What does a sphygmomanometer measure?

Answer 27

A device that measures blood pressure
Cuff is wrapped around the upper arm and air is pumped in until the blood flow through to the artery is cut off. Then the pressure is released, and you listen to the pulse for noises.

Question 28

What is average adult blood pressure?

Answer 28

120/80

Question 29

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 29

Force felt in arteries when the arteries contract

When the noises start when measuring blood pressure

Question 30

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 30

Force of blood in arteries when the ventricles relax

When the noises stop when measuring blood pressure