Circulatory System Flashcards Preview

Biology Unit 3- Systems of living things > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Circulatory System Deck (21)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

do all organisms have circulatory systems?

A

no. since their body structures are different and live in different environments.

2
Q

systems solve…

A

environmental problem. circulatory system transports stuff around body since environment does not do that naturally (only by diffusion)

3
Q

cells need

A

need oxygen and glucose (simple sugars which is a carbohydrate)

4
Q

what problems does circulatory system solve?

A

functions of the system

  • transport: oxygen and nutrients to tissues, carbon dioxide and other wastes from tissues
  • regulation: blood pH and body temperature (blood chemistry) which is response
  • protection: from blood loss through clotting and against infection by pathogens (a disease causing organism)
5
Q

main components of c-s

A

main components:

  • blood: medium to carry substances
  • blood vessels: pathway to transport
  • heart: pump to move medium along pathway
  • motor that converts energy to movement: respiration, process where nutrients turn to food
  • highway analogy
6
Q

blood goes from…

A

heart to arteries to capillaries to venules to veins to heart

7
Q

Arteries

A
  1. blood leaves heart through arteries (away from heart. arteries=away)
    * arteries carry high pressure blood away from the heart. only the arteries not going to lungs carry high oxygen blood. the ones going to lungs carry low oxygen blood.
8
Q

arterioles

A

smaller diameter. carries lower pressure blood away from heart. delivers blood to different body parts. can strech to accomodate more blood.

9
Q

capillaries

A
  1. capillaries (allow exchange by diffusion with the tissues takes in cell deposits oxygen and glucose to parts and cell takes in waste . some capillaries are 1 cell diameter and 1 cell thick so diffusion is super fast!)
10
Q

venules

A
  1. venules take blood to heart (goes back). less thick, larger lumen
11
Q

veins

A
  1. veins carry low pressure blood back to the heart. blood is low oxygen as well. largest lumen.
12
Q

arteries vs veins

A
  • arteries have thicker walls (to carry high pressure blood) than veins
  • smaller lumen than veins
13
Q

innermost layer

A

inner layer of capillaries are only made of a single layer of epithelial cells. this layer is called the endothelium (inside, epithelial).

14
Q

second innermost layer

A

next thickness: connective tissue. secretes a protein called elastic collagen. this stretches the vessel to allow blood. it goes back to its original position. Tunica interna: single layer of epithelial cells and connective tissue. There are ridges to strech during systole

15
Q

3rd layer

A

thickest part of wall. this is a layer of smooth muscle. stretches to accommodate passing blood. restricts blood by contracting

16
Q

2nd layer

A

produces more elastic collagen. when they stretch, they spring back to original shape; these are known as tunica intermedia (smooth muscle plus more connective tissue with elastic collagen). this is thicker in arteries

17
Q

1st layer

A

a layer of connective tissue that produces elastic collagen and rigid collagen fibres. this layer will stretch to a limit. this is called the turnica externa. this tougher layer prevents walls from ballooning when pressure is high. thicker in arteries.

18
Q

each system needs 3 things

A

a network of pathways, a motor that converts energy, a medium to carry goods

19
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

there is a complete double loop system in which one side of the heart pumps blood only to the lungs.

20
Q

systemic circulation

A

complete double loop system in which one side of the heart pumps blood to all of body

21
Q

capillary bed

A

a network of capillaries that supplies a particular tissue