Circulatory System

Question 1

Function of the Circulatory System

Answer 1

• To transport blood, lymph, and nutrients to the body
• Remove waste and CO₂
• Continually perfuse, oxygenate, and nourish all vital organs

Question 2

The Heart

Answer 2

• Lies in the mediastinum, behind the sternum, between the points of attachment of ribs 2-6
• ~2/3 of its mass is to the left of the midline of the body
• Posteriorly the heart rests on the bodies of vertebrae T5-T8
• Apex lies on the diaphragm, pointing to the left
• Base lies just below the second rib

Question 3

Bicuspid Valve

Answer 3

Atrioventricular Valve

Prevent blackflow of blood into the left atrium

Question 4

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 4

Atrioventricular Valve

Prevent blackflow of blood into the right atrium

Question 5

Why are the walls of the arteries rich in elastic fibers?

Answer 5

It is because when fibers recoil they push the blood even further.

Question 6

What systems make up the circulatory system?

Answer 6

It is the cardiovascular system and lymphatic system.

Question 7

What does blood supply to the body and what does it take away?

Answer 7

Blood supplies oxygen, nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies while it takes away waste and carbon dioxide.

Question 8

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 8

It transports excess fluid away from tissues and maintains the internal fluid environment.

Question 9

What transports blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs?

Answer 9

Pulmonary vessels.

Question 10

After blood reaches the lungs it is then returned to which chamber of the heart?

Answer 10

Left atrium.

Question 11

After blood reaches the rest of the body it is then returned to which chamber of the heart?

Answer 11

Right atrium.

Question 12

What artery is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood?

Answer 12

Pulmonary artery.

Question 13

What vein is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to the heart?

Answer 13

Pulmonary Vein

Question 14

How many layers are present in arteries?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

What is the innermost layer of the blood vessel?

Answer 15

Tunica Interna

Question 16

What tissue composes tunica interna?

Answer 16

It is composed of simple squamous epithelium (endothelium).

Question 17

Where is endothelial lining on the tunica interna connected?

Answer 17

It is at the basement membrane with glycoproteins and collagen fibers.

Question 18

What are the fatty deposits on the walls of the arteries in coronary heart disease?

Answer 18

The fatty deposits on the walls of the arteries in coronary heart disease are called plaques.

Question 19

What is the purpose of the basement membrane with glycoproteins and collagen fibers?

Answer 19

It glues the epithelium to the underlying tissue.

Question 20

What structure is also found in the tunica interna?

Answer 20

Internal elastic lamina.

Question 21

What is the function of the elastic lamina?

Answer 21

It allows expansion for blood flow.

Question 22

What tissue does the tunica media contain?

Answer 22

It has elastin and smooth muscle.

Question 23

What type of tissues can be seen in the largest blood vessels?

Answer 23

Mostly elastin and very little smooth muscle.

Question 24

What is the outermost layer of a blood vessel?