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Systems Of The Body > Circulatory System III > Flashcards

Circulatory System III Flashcards

1
Q

where is the heart located?

A

the heart lies in the thoracic cavity between the lungs, it has a base, apex and it lies obliquely

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2
Q

what organs are associated with the heart?

A
  • diaphragm
  • esophagus
  • trachea
  • L & R bronchus
  • vertebrae
  • ribs
  • intercostal muscles
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3
Q

what are the 3 layers of tissue which the heart is composed of?

A
  • pericardium
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
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4
Q

Describe the structure of the pericardium?

A

the pericardium has 2 sacs, an outer sac and an inner sac

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5
Q

What is the structure & function of the pericardium’s outer sac?

A

the outer sac consists of fibrous tissue- preventing over distension of the heart

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6
Q

What is the structure & function of the pericardium’s inner sac?

A

the inner sac is a double serous membrane, allowing smooth movement between layers when the heart beats

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7
Q

Describe the structure and function of the myocardium?

A

myocardium is composed of specialised cardiac muscle, it is a sheet of muscle rather than individual cells as impulses spread across whole sheet, causing contraction

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8
Q

Describe the structure of the Endocardium?

A

Endocardium consists of flattened epithelial cells, continuous with endothelium lining blood vessels

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9
Q

What is the function of the Endocardium?

A

Endocardium lines chambers and valves of the heart, it is a smooth membrane allowing smooth flow of blood through the heart

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10
Q

What is the top part of the heart called?

A

Atriums

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11
Q

What is the bottom half of the heart called?

A

Ventricle

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12
Q

How many semi lunar cusps does the right valve have?

A

The right valve has 3 semi lunar cusps

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13
Q

How many semi lunar cusps does the left AV valve have?

A

The left AV valve has 2 cusps

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14
Q

What are the 2 largest veins?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

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15
Q

What is the function of the superior and inferior vena cava?

A

They empty deoxygenated blood into the right atrium

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16
Q

What is the movement of deoxygenated blood once it has entered the right atrium?

A
  • It then travels via the right AV tricuspid valve into right ventricle
  • its then pumped from here into the pulmonary artery
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17
Q

What happens to the pulmonary artery once it leaves the heart?

A

it divides into L & R pulmonary artery which carries venous blood to lungs where gas exchange takes place

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18
Q

what is the function of a pulmonary vein?

A

carries oxygenated blood back to the left atrium

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19
Q

What is the movement of oxygenated blood once it has entered the left atrium?

A
  • blood then passes through the left AV valve into left ventricle
  • from here it is pumped into the aorta
20
Q

what is pulmonary circulation?

A

when blood passes from the RHS of the heart to the LHS via the lungs

21
Q

what are the branches of the ascending aorta?

A

right and left coronary arteries

22
Q

what is the function of the left and right coronary arteries?

A

supplies tissues of the heart with oxygenated blood

23
Q

what does the left and right coronary arteries form?

A

a network of capillaries which enclose the heart

24
Q

what are the 3 branches of the arch of the aorta?

A
  1. left common carotid artery
  2. left subclavian artery
  3. brachiocephalic artery
25
Q

what is the function of the sinoatrial node?

A

it emits impulses which cause the heart to contract, each heartbeat is known as a cardiac cycle

26
Q

what is contraction known as?

A

systole

27
Q

what is the relaxed state of the heart called?

A

diastole

28
Q

what does the cardiac cycle range form in terms of BPM?

A

60-80 BPM

29
Q

how long does each cardiac cycle last?

A

0.8 seconds

30
Q

what is atrial systole?

A

contraction of atria

31
Q

what is ventricular systole?

A

contraction of ventricles

32
Q

what is complete cardiac diastole?

A

relaxation of atria and ventricles

33
Q

what nervous system controls the cardiac cycle?

A

autonomic nervous system (parasympathetic and sympathetic)

34
Q

what is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system in terms of cardiac cycle?

A

it slows HR and force of contraction

35
Q

what is the function of the sympathetic nervous system in terms of cardiac cycle?

A

it increases HR and force of contraction

36
Q

what is the nerve supply for the cardiac system?

A

vagus- 10th cranial nerve, arises in cardiac center of the medulla

37
Q

what is the function of the left pulmonary artery?

A

left PA runs into the left lung and divides into 2, one passing into each lobe

38
Q

what is the function of the right pulmonary artery?

A

right PA passes into the right lung and divides into 2, the larger branch carrying blood to middle and lower lobes, and the smaller branch to the upper lobe

39
Q

within each lung, what do arteries divide into?

A

arterioles and capillaries

40
Q

what does the brachiocephalic artery supply?

A

supplies right arm and right side of head and neck

41
Q

what does the left common carotid artery supply?

A

supplies left side of head and neck

42
Q

what does the left subclavian artery supply?

A

supplies left arm, part of head and neck

43
Q

what supplies most of the lower limbs with blood?

A

right and left common iliac arteries

44
Q

describe internal respiration?

A
  • oxygen is carried from lungs to tissues in hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin
  • interchange if gasses between capillaries
  • carbon dioxide is removed
45
Q

describe portal circulation?

A
  • blood circulating in stomach and intestines is conveyed to liver via portal vein
  • blood with high concentration of nutrients goes to liver first where modifications of nutrients takes place before supplying the rest of the body

Systems Of The Body (13 decks)

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