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Systems Of The Body > Endocrine I > Flashcards

Endocrine I Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when a hormone arrives at a cell?

A

It binds to the receptor, where it influences reactions within a cell

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2
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

When a hormone is released in response to a specific stimulus & usually its action reverses the stimulus

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3
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Positive feedback amplifies the stimulus & increases the release of a hormone until a particular process is complete

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4
Q

What is the different name for the pituitary gland?

A

Hypophysis

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5
Q

Where is the pituitary gland situated?

A

In the hypophyseal fossa (sella turcica)

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6
Q

What is the composition of the hypothalamus?

A

Hypothalamus is composed of groups of nerve cells involved with the control of the autonomic nervous sytem

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7
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

Releases factors which in turn, stimulate the release of pituitary hormones

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8
Q

How do the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus work together?

A

They act as a unit regulating the activity of most endocrine glands

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9
Q

How many main regions does the hypophysis have?

A

2

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10
Q

What is the name given to the anterior pituitary?

A

Adenohypophysis

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11
Q

What is the name given to the posterior pituitary region?

A

Neurohypophysis

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12
Q

What are the hormones which are released from the adenohypophysis?

A
  • growth hormone
  • thyroid stimulating hormone
  • adrenocorticotrophic hormone
  • prolactin
  • FSH & LH
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13
Q

What is the most abundant hormone from the adenohypopyhsis?

A

Growth hormone

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14
Q

What is the function of Growth Hormone?

A
  • stimulates growth and division of cells especially bone & skeletal
  • regulates aspect of metabolism
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15
Q

What hormones stimulate and inhibit growth hormone?

A

GH is stimulated by growth hormone releasing hormone and is suppressed by GH release inhibiting hormone

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16
Q

What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Stimulates growth and activity of the thyroid gland

17
Q

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid?

A

Thyroid releasing hormone

18
Q

What is the function of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)?

A

ACTH acts on cells of the adrenal cortex, stimulating them to produce cortisol

19
Q

When are ACTH levels high and low?

A

ACTH levels are high around 8am and their lowest at 12am, although high levels sometimes occur around midday and 6pm

20
Q

How is the secretion of ACTH regulated?

A

Via negative feedback

21
Q

What is ACTH associated with?

A

Sleeping patterns and adjustments can take several days (jet lag)

22
Q

What are some factors which stimulate secretion of ACTH

A
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • exercise
  • other stressors
23
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

Stimulates lactation and has a direct effect immediately after child birth

24
Q

How large is the neurohypophysis?

A

It takes up 25% of the hypophysis

25
Q

What hormones are released from the neurohypophysis?

A
  • antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
  • oxytocin
26
Q

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

A

ADH acts on the kidneys to allow reabsorption of water into blood, this reduces the volume of urine formed

27
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A
  • stimulated 2 target tissues during and after childbirth
  • contraction of uterine muscles for childbirth and breast cells in lactation
28
Q

What causes a growth hormone deficiency?

A

Underproduction of growth hormone

29
Q

What causes diabetes insipidus?

A

Underproduction of anti diuretic hormone/ vasopressin

30
Q

What causes pituitary adenoma?

A

Over production of any pituitary hormone

31
Q

What causes hypopituitarism?

A

Underproduction of any pituitary hormone

Systems Of The Body (13 decks)

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