Cisco ICND 2 640-816 Flashcards
Cisco ICND 2 640-816 Exam Preparation (156 cards)
1
Q
What is administrative distance?
A
The believability of a route when the same route is learned by two protocols. Lower numbers take precedence.
2
Q
What is the default administrative distance for EIGRP for internal routes?
A
90
3
Q
What is the default administrative distance for OSPF?
A
110
4
Q
What is the default administrative distance for RIP?
A
120
5
Q
What is the default administrative distance for connected routes?
A
0
6
Q
What is the default administrative distance for static routes?
A
1
7
Q
What are the default OSPF hello and dead intervals?
A
10 seconds for hello, and 4 times for dead (40 seconds).
8
Q
What are the OSPF neighbor states?
A
Down
Init(ialized)
Two-way
Full
9
Q
What are the OSPF interface types?
A
point-to-point
broadcast
10
Q
What command is used to configure the OSPF network type?
A
ip ospf network (type)
11
Q
Which OSPF network type requires a designated router (DR)?
A
Broadcast
12
Q
What OSPF process must happen before routers will exchanged LSDBs (link state databases) in a broadcast network type?
A
The DR (designated router) and BDR (backup designated router) election.
13
Q
What is the stable state in an OSPF broadcast network type for router interfaces that are neither DR nor BDR?
A
Two-way neighbors (not fully adjacent)
14
Q
What OSPF hello parameters must match to form neighbors?
A
Subnet mask Subnet number Hello interval Dead interval OSPF area ID Must pass authentication checks (if used) Value of the stub area flag
15
Q
Describe the “full” neighbor state for OSPF.
A
Both routers know the exact same LSDB and are fully adjacent.
16
Q
Describe the “two-way” neighbor state for OSPF.
A
A router receives a hello with it’s own ID from a neighbor.
17
Q
Describe the “Init” neighbor state for OSPF.
A
Router A receives a hello packet from a neighbor router B, but it does not include router A’s ID.
18
Q
Which routing protocol chooses the least-cost route by adding up the cost for each outgoing interface?
A
OSPF
19
Q
All areas in OSPF must connect to…
A
The backbone, area 0.
20
Q
What is an area border router in OSPF?
A
A router that connects to the backbone area and at least one other area.
21
Q
What is the only type of router that can summarize routes for OSFP?
A
ABR (area border router)
22
Q
Describe an Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR) as it relates to OSPF.
A
A router that connects to other routers that do not use OSPF to exchange routes.
23
Q
A router in a single non-backbone OSFP area is knows as…
A
An internal router
24
Q
What is a route learned from outside the OSPF domain but advertised into the OSPF domain?
A
An external route
25
Routers in an OSPF area all share a ______, but not with routers in another area.
Link state database (LSDB)
26
What determines the DR election on an OSPF broadcast network?
The highest physical interface
The highest loopback interface (trumps physical)
The router ID (trumps all)
27
What are the basic configuration commands for OSPF?
```
router ospf (process ID)
network (ip address) (wildcard mask) area (area ID)
```
28
What interface subcommands adjust the OSFP hello and dead timers?
ip ospf hello-interval (time)
| ip ospf dead-interval (time)
29
What interface subcommands adjust OSPF routing decisions?
ip ospf cost (value)
| bandwidth (value)
30
What is the OSPF router command to adjust the reference bandwidth?
auto-cost reference-bandwidth (value)
31
What is the only routing protocol to support unequal cost load balancing?
EIGRP using the variance command
32
What is the default OSPF reference bandwidth value?
100
33
Will a 1000Mbps or 100Mbps link have the lower OSPF cost?
Both will have a cost of 1 if using the default reference bandwidth of 100.
34
What is the formula to calculate OSPF cost?
Reference bandwidth / interface bandwidth
35
Name three interior gateway routing protocols.
RIP, EIGRP, OSPF
36
Name the only exterior gateway routing protocol.
BGP
37
What OSPF command configures multiple equal-cost routes?
maximum-paths (number)
38
What OSPF subcommand changes the router ID?
router-id (x.x.x.x)
39
What command resets the OSPF process?
clear ip ospf process
40
What command is used to verify OSPF hello and dead intervals, area number, cost, and neighbors.
show ip ospf interface
41
What are the OSPF verification commands?
```
show ip ospf
show ip ospf neighbor
show ip ospf interface
show ip ospf adjacency
show ip protocol
```
42
What two interface subcommands configure md5 OSPF authentication.
ip ospf authentication message-digest
| ip ospf message-digest-key (key number) md5 (key value)
43
What command enables OSPF authentication on all router interfaces?
area (area ID) authentication message-digest
44
What commands are used to configure point-to-point Frame Relay on an interface?
```
encapsulation frame-relay ietf
frame-relay lmi-type ansi
interface x.x point-to-point
IP address x.x.x.x y.y.y.y
frame-relay interface-dlci (number)
```
45
List three Frame Relay verification and troubleshooting commands.
show frame-relay lmi
show frame-relay pvc
show frame-relay map
46
What OSPF subcommand advertises the default route in updates?
default-information originate
47
What OSPF subcommand is used to advertise routes learned from another protocol such as EIGRP?
redistribute eigrp (AS number) subnets
48
What EIGRP subcommand is used to advertise routes learned from another protocol such as OSPF?
redistribute ospf (process ID)
49
What EIGRP subcommand advertises static routes in updates?
redistribute static
50
What EIGRP subcommand turns off the default classful summarization?
no auto-summary
51
What routing protocol subcommand disables advertisements on an interface?
passive-interface (type) (slot/subslot/number)
52
What is the wildcard mask for 172.16.1.0/27?
0.0.31.255
53
What are the commands to configure a standard ACL for 192.168.1.0/24 and NAT traffic from the LAN interface ethernet 0/0 out the WAN interface serial 0/1 using PAT?
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial 0/1 overload
interface ethernet 0/0
ip nat inside
interface serial 0/1
ip nat outside
54
Write an extended ACL that denies traffic from all hosts on 192.168.1.0/24 and interface ethernet 0/0 to www.msn.com (131.253.13.140).
access-list 100 deny tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 131.253.13.140 eq www
access-list 100 permit ip any any
interface ethernet 0/0
ip access-group 100 in
55
Which of these switches will be elected the spanning tree root bridge?
Sw1 mac aaaa.bbbb.11ab
Sw2 mac aaaa.bbbb.0ab2
Sw3 mac aaaa.bbbb.21af
Sw2
56
What interface subcommands disable spanning tree and prevent receiving BPDUs?
spanning-tree portfast
| spanning-tree bpduguard enable
57
What organization handles IPv4 and IPv6 address assignment?
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Network Numbers)
58
ICANN assigns one or more IPv6 address ranges to each _____.
Regional Internet Registry (RIR)
59
What is the name of the Regional Internet Registry in North America?
ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers)
60
How many quartets are in an IPv6 address?
8
61
How many bits are in each quartet of an IPv6 address?
16 (each hexadecimal character requires 4 bits)
62
What are two valid ways of abbreviating the IPv6 address FE00:0000:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0056?
FE00::1:0:0:0:56
FE00:0:0:1::56
63
What are two methods of abbreviating an IPv6 address?
Eliminate leading zeros in a quartet.
| Use :: for 2 or more consecutive quartets of all zeros.
64
What is the network portion of this IPv6 address 2000:1234:5678:9ABC:1234:5678:9ABC:1111/64?
2000:1234:5678:9ABC:0000:0000:0000:0000/64 also represented as 2000:1234:5678:9ABC::/64.
65
What is the IPv6 prefix for 2000:1234:5678:9ABC:1234:5678:9ABC:1111/56?
2000:1234:5678:9A00::/56
66
What is the IPv6 prefix for all global unicast addresses?
2000::/3 (binary 001)
67
What are the 2 DHCPv6 operational modes?
Stateful and stateless.
68
What is the prefix for an IPv6 multicast address?
FF00::/8 (first 8 bits are all 1)
69
What hex value separates the first three bytes from the second three bytes of a MAC address in the interface ID portion of an IPv6 address?
FFFE
70
Which bit is inverted in the EUI-64 format of an IPv6 interface ID?
The 7th bit is changed from 0 to 1 or vice versa.
71
What are the options for configuring a static IPv6 address?
The entire address is configured or a /64 prefix with the host calculating the EUI-64 interface ID.
72
What interface subcommand automatically assigns a static IPv6 address?
ipv6 address (address/prefix-length) eui-64
73
What command is used to show the full 128 bit IPv6 EUI address assigned to an interface?
show ipv6 interface (type) (slot/subslot/number)
74
What protocol is used for IPv6 instead of ARP?
NDP (neighbor discovery protocol)
75
How does an IPv6 host dynamically learn the /64 prefix using stateless autoconfiguration?
Neighbor Discovery Protocol
76
What type of NDP message does an IPv6 host use to discover the LAN prefix?
Router Solicitation (RS)
77
How does an IPv6 host using stateless autoconfiguration learn DNS server IPs and domain name?
From a stateless DHCP server.
78
What is the prefix of IPv6 unique local private addresses?
FD00::/8
79
What is the prefix for an IPv6 link local address?
FE80::/10
80
What is the IPv6 loopback address?
::1 (127 binary 0s and a single 1)
81
What command enables IPv6 routing globally?
ipv6 unicast routing
82
What IPv6 interface subcommand enables the RIPng routing protocol? Assume the process tag is named "test".
ipv6 RIP test enable
83
What command shows IPv6 interface status?
show ipv6 interface brief
84
What command shows IPv6 routes in the routing table?
show ipv6 route
85
What term is used to describe a device that uses both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously?
Dual stack
86
Name three tools that help with migration to IPv6.
dual stack, tunnel, NAT-PT
87
Describe the tunnel process as it relates to IPv6 migration.
An IPv6 packet is encapsulated in an IPv4 packet.
88
What is the only IPv6 migration tool to allow an IPv4 only host to communicate with an IPv6 only host.
NAT-PT (Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation)
89
What interface subcommand is used to configure manual route summarization for 10.3.0.0 255.255.0.0?
ip summary-address rip 10.3.0.0 255.255.0.0
90
What metric does a summary route use?
The best metric from the subordinate routes.
91
What three tables are used for EIGRP?
Neighbor, topology, and routing tables.
92
Describe VTP pruning.
Switches configured as a VTP server will not send broadcasts for VLANs not configured on that particular switch.
93
What global config command sets the VTP domain name?
vtp domain (name)
94
What global config command sets the VTP password?
vtp password (password)
95
What multicast address does EIGRP use to send hello packets?
224.0.0.10
96
List the three verification checks a router must pass to become an EIGRP neighbor.
Authentication process, AS number, the IP in the hello packet from the potential neighbor must be on the same subnet.
97
What type of messages and which protocol is used by EIGRP to send topology information to neighbors.
Update messages using RTP (reliable transport protocol)
98
Describe the difference between EIGRP full and partial updates.
Full updates are only sent when routers first become neighbors. Partial updates are sent in reaction to changes in a route.
99
How does EIGRP calculate the best route?
A function of bandwidth and delay.
100
What interface subcommands allow you to adjust the EIGRP metric?
bandwidth (value in Kbps), and delay (in tens of microseconds)
101
List the EIGRP verification commands.
show ip eigrp topology,
102
How many equal-metric routes will EIGRP place in the routing table by default?
Up to 4 equal-metric routes.
103
What is the feasible distance (FD) in EIGRP?
The metric of the best route to reach a subnet.
104
What is the reported distance (RD) in EIGRP?
The metric calculated by a neighbor and learned in an EIGRP update.
105
What is the default bandwidth and delay of a serial link?
1544 Kbps and 20,000 microseconds
106
What global config command makes a switch the root bridge for VLANs 1-4?
spanning-tree vlan 1-4 root primary
107
What global config command enables Rapid Spanning Tree?
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
108
What interface subcommands disable spanning tree and protect agains BPDUs from being received?
spanning-tree portfast
| spanning-tree bpduguard enable
109
What is the default spanning-tree priority?
32768 + VLAN ID
110
What is the spanning tree cost of a 100Mbps link?
19
111
List the commands to configure PPP with authentication on a serial interface.
encapsulation ppp
ppp authentication chap
username (remote router hostname) password (password)
**Note: the first 2 commands are entered in interface mode, the username command is entered in global config mode.
112
What command configures the EIGRP router ID?
eigrp router-id (x.x.x.x)
113
Name the routing protocol classifcations for RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP (in that order).
Distance vector, link state, balanced hybrid
114
What is the name of the algorithm used by EIGRP when a route fails and there is no feasible successor?
DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm)
115
The EIGRP route with the best metric is called the ____.
successor
116
EIGRP inserts a feasible successor route if...
The RD (reported distance) of the nonsuccessor route is less than the FD (feasible distance).
117
Assuming the EIGRP successor route has a FD metric of 50, will a route with RD of 40 be added as a feasible successor? Why?
Yes, because the RD is less than the FD of the successor route.
118
Assuming the EIGRP successor route has a FD metric of 50 and variance of 2, will a route with FD of 90 and RD of 40 be added to the routing table for load balancing? Why?
Yes, because 90 is less than 50*2. Metrics must be exactly equal if using default variance of 1, but it will load balance when the variance is adjusted and FD of the alternate route is less than or equal to the product of the FD*Variance for the successor route.
119
Assuming the EIGRP successor route has a FD metric of 50 and variance of 3, will a route with FD of 120 and RD of 60 be added to the routing table for load balancing? Why?
No. Although 120 is less than 50*3, the route is not a Feasible Successor because the RD (60) is more than the FD (50) of the successor.
120
Why must the RD (reported distance) of a route be less than the FD (feasible distance) of the successor route to be added as a feasible successor?
This check helps prevent routing loops.
121
How is EIGRP variance calculated?
Multiply the variance by the FD (feasible distance) of the successor (which is the metric of the best route to a subnet).
122
Can EIGRP routes that are neither successor nor feasible successor ever be added to the routing table?
No.
123
How often do VTP servers and clients send update messages?
Every 5 minutes.
124
Will a switch with VTP revision number 5 process an update message from a switch with revision 3?
No. The revision number in the update must be greater than the current revision.
125
VTP summary advertisements are sent how often?
Every 5 minutes
126
VTP summary advertisements list...
The revision number and domain name, but no VLAN info.
127
What are the three types of VTP messages?
summary advertisements, subset advertisements, and advertisement requests.
128
Is it possible to disable VTP on a switch?
No, but you can set the mode to transparent so the switch ignores VTP messages.
129
What two ranges of numbers are used to identify IPv4 extended ACLs?
100-199, 2000-2699
130
Which three Frame Relay LMI types does Cisco support?
Cisco, ANSI, Q.933A
131
What is the IEEE designation for Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol?
802.1w
132
What is the IEEE designation for the original spanning tree protocol?
802.1d
133
What three problems can occur in a redundant LAN that doesn't use STP?
Broadcast storms, MAC table instability, multiple frame transmission
134
Which ports are blocked by STP on the root bridge?
None. All ports on the root are considered designated and forwarding.
135
What is the STP name of a forwarding port on a non-root switch?
root port
136
The STP root port of a non-root switch connects to the _____ port of the next switch in the segment.
designated
137
What two STP states apply to ports on a non-root switch?
forwarding or blocking
138
What is the STP state for ports that are failed, have no cable connected, or are administratively shutdown?
Disabled
139
Which switch is elected the root by the Spanning Tree Algorithm?
The switch with the lowest bridge ID.
140
How does Spanning Tree calculate the bridge ID?
priority (32768 by default) + the mac address
141
What is the only switch that can originate Hello BPDU messages after the STP root bridge election is complete?
The root switch. All other switches process the Hello by updating the bridge ID and cost and forwards the message downstream to other switches on the segment.
142
List the default STP cost respectively for ports with speeds 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, 10 Gbps.
100, 19, 4, 2
143
What is the STP state for access ports on all switches?
Forwarding state since these are considered designated ports. The still send Hello messages.
144
How often does a root switch send out a new Hello BPDU?
Every 2 seconds
145
What cost does the root bridge advertise in Hello BPDUs?
0
146
What are the default STP Hello BPDU timer values for Hello, Max Age, and Forward Delay?
2 seconds, 10 times the Hello timer, 15 seconds
147
What are the two intermediate STP port states?
Listening and learning.
148
What is the convergence time for the orginal Spanning Tree protocol?
50 seconds (20 seconds for the Max Age timer to expire + 15 (forward delay) for listening + 15 (forward delay) for learning)
149
What timer determines the length of STP listening and learning states?
Forward delay
150
The blocking state of the original spanning tree protocol is called what in rapid spanning tree?
Discarding
151
What is the default convergence time for rapid spanning tree?
6 seconds (Hello timer x 3)
152
List the RSTP port states.
Discarding, learning, forwarding
153
What port roles were added with RSTP?
Alternate, backup, and disabled.
154
Which switch generates a new Hello BPDU in RSTP?
Every switch (as opposed to only the root bridge in STP).
155
What are the three RSTP port types?
Link-type point-to-point, link-type shared, edge-type
156
What is known as the RSTP process when a switch blocks all link-type ports after changing the root port?
Synchronization
