Citizenship > Citizenship Definitions > Flashcards

Citizenship Definitions Flashcards

Life in Modern Britain, Politics & Participation, Rights & Responsibilities and Active Citizenship key words (66 cards)

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1
Q

Migration

A

The act of movement between countries.

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2
Q

Immigration

A

The act of arriving in another country to live permanently.

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3
Q

Emigration

A

The act of leaving one’s own country to live permanently in another.

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4
Q

Civil Court

A

The court that deals with legal disputes that are not crimes, eg. patent law and divorce cases.

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5
Q

Criminal Court

A

The court that deals with more serious criminal offenses, eg. murder, robbery and fraud.

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6
Q

Magna Carta

A

The document created in 1215 that established the principle that everybody is subject to the law, even the king. It also guarantees the rights of individuals, the right to justice and the right to a fair trial.

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7
Q

Tolerance

A

A fair, objective, and permissive attitude towards those whose opinions, beliefs, practices, racial or ethnic origins differ from one’s own.

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8
Q

National Identity

A

A sense of a nation as a cohesive whole represented by distinctive traditions, culture and language.

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9
Q

Multiculturalism

A

The presence of different nationalities, ethnicities, religions and cultures living in unity within a country.

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10
Q

Parliament

A

The group of elected politicians who make or change laws, and decide what policies the country should follow.

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11
Q

Bicameral Parliament

A

Literally meaning ‘two-Chamber’. A parliament that contains two separate assemblies who must both agree when new laws are made, eg. the House of Commons and the House of Lords are involved in making legislation.

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12
Q

Proportional Representation (PR)

A

An electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.

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13
Q

First Past The Post (FPTP)

A

An electoral system in which a candidate or party is elected by achievement of a simple majority.

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14
Q

Judge

A

A person who presides over court proceedings, and is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and, typically, in an open court.

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15
Q

Jury

A

A body of people (typically 12) sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on the basis of evidence submitted to them in court.

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16
Q

Conservative

A

A political party with right wing ideologies, favoriting free enterprise, private ownership and socially conservative ideas.

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17
Q

Liberal

A

A political party with left wing ideologies, believing in more personal freedom and development towards a fairer sharing of wealth and power within society.

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18
Q

House of Lords

A

The upper house of parliament that use their knowledge and experience to debate on issues, hold the government to account and observe and disscuss new laws.

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19
Q

House of Commons

A

The lower house of parliament consisting of 650 elected MP’s (government and opposition) who represent particular constituencies.

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20
Q

Judiciary

A

The part of a country’s government that is responsible for its legal system.

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21
Q

Local Government

A

The system of electing representatives to be responsible for the administration of public services and facilities in a particular area.

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22
Q

Human Rights

A

Rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of status.

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23
Q

Trade Union

A

An organization association formed to protect and further rights and interests of workers

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24
Q

Free Press

A

Allowing the press to publish thought, beliefs or opinions without interference from government.

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25
Censorship
The control of information and ideas within a society by the government.
26
Propaganda
Specially created information that aims to make people think in a particular way.
27
General Election
The election of representatives to a legislature (HoC) from constituencies throughout the country.
28
Referendum
A general vote by the electorate on a single political question for a direct decision.
29
Shadow Cabinet
The political party in opposition.
30
IPSO
The regulatory body Independent Press Standards Organisation
31
Plan International
An independent development and humanitarian organization.
32
Monarchy
A form of government that embodies the country's national identity and the monarch has the role of sovereignty.
33
Devolution
The transfer of power from a higher government to a lower government.
34
Multiple Identities
The conceptualisation that ones identity is not centered but instead multiple, not one self defining identity, eg. Dual nationality.
35
Petition
A document signed to demand action from the government.
36
Communism
Extreme left wing government. Society without different social classes where everybody works as much as they can and receives what they need.
37
European Union (EU)
International organization of European countries governing economic, social and security policies.
38
World Trade Organization (WTO)
The only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.
39
United Nations
An international organization formed to increase political and economic cooperation among its member countries.
40
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
A military alliance of European and North American democracies formed to strengthen international ties between member states.
41
The Council of Europe
An international organization whose aim is to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.
42
NGO
A non-profit organization that operates independently, typically to address social or political issues.
43
Rights
Legal, social or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement.
44
Responsibilities
Something one is required to do as part of a job, role, or legal obligation.
45
Media
The means of communication that reach or influence people widely.
46
Coalition
The joking together of different political parties or groups for a particular purpose, or a government formed in this way.
47
Direct Action
The use of public forms of protest rather than negotiation to achieve one's demands.
48
Campaigning
Planned set of activities to achieve social or political change.
49
Boycott
To refuse to buy a product or take part in an activity as a way of expressing strong disapproval.
50
Demonstration
An occasion when people march to show that they disagree with something.
51
Commonwealth
A voluntary organization of 53 different countries that strive to promote democracy, peace and trade.
52
Ideology
A system of ideas, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political policy.
53
Codified Constitution
Key constitutional provisions collected within a single document (written constitution)
54
Uncodified constitution
Made up of rules that are found in a variety of sources (unwritten).
55
Democracy
A system of government based upon the consent of people through an open and fair electoral system.
56
Dictatorship
Rule by one person or group, all powerful. Often associated with military take over of a state.
57
Tax
A mandatory financial charge imposed by the government to fund public services.
58
Budget
Annual statement made by the Chancellor of the Exchequer to the HoC about taxation policy and raising income for the forthcoming year.
59
Constituency
A geographical area designated for voting.
60
Closed questions
Quantitative percentage (tick boxes or multiple choice).
61
Open questions
Qualititative data, questions that require a written response.
62
Primary Research
Data you find out yourself, eg. questionnaire, survey or interview.
63
Secondary Research
Other people's data.
64
Pressure Group
An organized group of people who try to persuade a government or other authority to do something, eg. change a law.
65
Lobbying
The activity of trying to persuade a member of government to support laws or rules that give your organization or industry an advantage.
66
Advocacy
The work of a legal advocate, eg. solicitors have a record of advocacy in the lower courts.

Citizenship (1 decks)

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