civics Flashcards

Question

what are some examples of when the governor general performs ceremonial duties

Answer 1

representing Australia at Olympics, ANZAC day ceremonies, presenting awards granted under the Australian honour system

Answer 2

in theory it can equally represent the interests of each state, regardless of the states population as it consists of an equal number of senators from each state help prevent the commonwealth parliament from passing any laws that discriminate against any particular state as all proposals for new laws must be passed or agreed to by a majority of members in both houses of parliament.

Answer 3

most proposals for creating new commonwealth laws or changing existing ones can be initiated and discussed there because most laws commence in the lower house, the senate tend to act more as a “house of review”, debating and scrutinizing proposals that have already been passed by the house of representatives

Answer 4

the government is the political party that has a majority of members in the lower house, ie at least 76/150 electorates in the house

Answer 5

most proposals for introducing new or changing existing laws commence in the lower house

Answer 6

-local infrastructure (e.g. provision of roads, footpaths, drainage and waste collection, etc) -recreational facilities (eg parks, libraries, swimming pools) -aged-care facilities -childcare facilities

Answer 7

-primary and secondary education -health services -water -electricity -public transport

Answer 8

-currency -defence -marriage -customs and border protection -Australian citizenship

Answer 9

Helps ensure our parliaments have the support of the majority of people, not just those who voted May force candidates and political parties to consider the needs of all society when making policies

Answer 10

Forces those who are uninterested to cast an ill- informed vote Is a violation of individual rights

Answer 11

that no single group or body within our parliamentary system -that is, the government, the parliament, or the courts- has power over both the political and legal systems

Answer 12

The Legislature The Executive The Judiciary

Answer 13

the power to make the law; held by parliament

Answer 14

the power to administer or implement the law; held by the governor general (as the king/queen/crown’s representative), and the prime minister and senior ministers

Answer 15

the power to apply and interpret the law; held by the courts and allows them to enforce the law and settle disputes

Answer 16

-grant royal assent or give final approval of bills -Perform ceremonial duties. -can also “dissolve”, or end, the term of parliament

Answer 17

-Represent the interests of the states. -Initiate, discuss, and review new laws. -debating and scrutinizing proposals that have already been passed by the house of representatives

Answer 18

-Determine the government of the day. -Discuss, debate, and scrutinize proposals for creating and changing commonwealth laws

Answer 19

-Cabinet includes the Prime Minister and approximately 19 ministers who are part of the executive government. Cabinet ministers are responsible for major government departments. -Cabinet's role is to direct government policy and make decisions about national issues. Cabinet ministers spend a lot of time discussing current national problems and how these can be solved.

Answer 20

-The Prime Minister is the leader of the Australian Government. By convention—tradition—the Prime Minister is a member of the House of Representatives and leads the parliamentary party, or coalition of parties, with the support of the majority of members in the House. -The Prime Minister is the most powerful person in the Australian Parliament

Answer 21

-chairing meetings in which the government discusses policies and examines bills -selecting members of the government to be ministers -leading Cabinet in deciding government policy acting as the chief government spokesperson -representing the Australian Government overseas -deciding when to call a federal election and leading the government in the election.

Answer 22

The Constitution establishes the composition of the Australian Parliament, the separation of powers, and describes how Parliament works and what powers it has. It also outlines how the federal and state Parliaments share power, and the roles of the executive government and the High Court of Australia .

Answer 23

a set of rules that determines how an organization (such as a club, government, or nation) will be governed

Answer 24

On January 1 1901 (federation day) the British parliament passed a law called the commonwealth of Australia constitution act 1900 (UK) (referred to as the constitution) to unite the separate colonies to form one nation with a federal system of government and create the new federal or commonwealth government of Australia

Answer 25

the process for changing the wording of the Australian constitution; this requires a proposal for change to be passed by both houses of the commonwealth parliament and a large proportion (ie double majority) of Australian voters

Answer 26

The principle that the laws apply equally to all individuals and organizations throughout a nation and must be upheld by all; the rule of law also means that the law can only be enforced and altered by those with the legal authority to do so

Answer 27

-Government must protect the rights and freedoms of the individual -Government must make laws that reflect the views and values of the people -Government must be accountable to the people -There must be separation of power

Answer 28

Our system of government is often referred to as a liberal democracy meaning it aims to protect individual rights and freedoms, and place limits on the level of government control or interference. While the parliaments have the power to make laws that regulate the behaviour of people, they should not make laws that are excessive, or unnecessarily limits the activities of individuals. For example, we have laws that – -Protect our broad right to freedom of speech -Protect our basic right to freedom of assembly and expression -Limit individuals from behaving in an offensive or indecent manner in public

Answer 29

parliaments must make laws that reflect the views, values, and moral standards of the people, this is called representative government. Australia achieves this by holding regular free and fair elections where the people can vote for individuals to represent them in parliament and if they fail to make laws that represent the views and values of the majority of voters, they jeopardize their chance at being re-elected. In Australia federal parliament elections are held every three years, while elections are held for state parliament every four years voting in federal and state elections is compulsory for all eligible citizens over 18 years. Those who don’t enrol to vote/ don’t vote on election day may be fined up to $180.

Answer 30

the government must be accountable or answerable to the people, often referred to as the principle of responsible government. This means that governments must be able to justify their actions and decisions to the voters. one way they are held accountable is through the process of parliamentary question time, where all members of parliament are given the opportunity to question the government on its policies and actions, this often can become quite intense as members of the government and opposition debate and argue about political issues. Members of the public can also directly contact and question their local member of parliament by emailing or visiting their local members office. Another way is by stating that any member of the government who acts in a dishonourable or irresponsible way has a duty to resign from their position; many elected members of state and federal governments have voluntarily resigned from their position after being accused of dishonesty or proven to have acted dishonestly

Answer 31

Our government must not abuse or make laws beyond their power, and to make sure this does not occur our system of government is based on a principle called the separation of powers. This ensures that no single group or body within our parliamentary system (government, parliament, or courts) has power over both the political and legal systems The three main powers at federal level consist of the legislature, executive, and the judiciary In the Australian constitution the three powers are separated but in practice the duties of the executive (senior ministers) and the legislature (parliament as a whole) are combined, however the judiciary or court system does remain independent, meaning the government and the parliament have the power to make and administer the laws, but they don’t have the power to apply and interpret the law, which is the role of the courts. This independent court system allows judges to resolve disputes without any outside influence from government, party politics, or voters, so they are free from political bias and are therefore impartial when applying the law. Because of this the courts can act as a checking system; making sure that the parliament doesn’t make any laws beyond its power. If a person or organization believes that parliament has made a law that abuses its powers, they can challenge the law in court. If their challenge is successful, the law can be declared invalid by an independent and unbiased judge.

Answer 32

-The people elect the government -Governments uphold our shared values -The right to dissent -Processes to resolve differences

Answer 33

-Media bias and voting -Influence of those with vested interests -Organized crime -corruption -Lawlessness

Answer 34

Indonesian citizenship by birth, belief in one God, being a taxpayer, being faithful to the Pancasila and the 1945 constitution, be over 35 years of age

Answer 35

Belief in one god Humanitarianism The unity of Indonesia Democracy based on deliberation Social justice

Answer 36

the President

Answer 37

the crown (king/queen)

Answer 38

17, non-compulsory

Answer 39

A- due to the belief a national government would be better able to handle the issues of trade, defence, and immigration, as well as a growing dense of national pride I- when the Republic of Indonesia declared independence from the Netherlands, meant to be temporary

Answer 40

A- the crown (queen/king), exercised by the governor general. in practice is also exercised by the prime minister and the cabinet I- the president, who is also head of state, head of the government, and supreme commander of the armed forces

Answer 41

A- a proposed amendment/change to the constitution must be passed by the parliament then approved by voters is a referendum, for the change to be agreed on a majority of voters in a majority of states, and a majority of voters nationwide (double majority) must agree to the proposal I- the change must be proposed by one third of MPR members (DPR and DPD members together as one body) and at least two thirds of them must attend the session in which it's suggested.to be agreed to, more than half of the MPR members must agree to the proposed amendment

Answer 42

contain details about the three branches of governance (legislature, executive, judiciary)

Answer 43

not complete separation of powers (Parliament and executive overlap)

Answer 44

have a procedure for amending the constitution

Answer 45

give legislative power to the elected representatives of the people sitting in a parliament

Answer 46

A- federal elections are held every 3 years, or earlier if requested by the prime minister and approved by the governor general; afterwards the party or parties with the support of the majority in the house of reps forms government I- elections for the DPR and DPD are held every 5 years

Answer 47

A- there are 150 house of reps members, one represents each electorate, which each have a similar number of voters I- 560 members of the DPR represent a constituency (electorate) having between 3-12 members representing each in the DPR depending on the population of the constituency

Answer 48

A- 76 members; 12 elected from each state for 6 year fixed terms, 2 from each territory for 3 years each I- the 132 members of the DPD representing a providence, 4 each, are elected for 5 year fixed terms

Answer 49

A- federal elections are conducted by the Australian electoral commission (AEC) I- national elections are run by the General Election Commission (KPU) according to electoral law

Answer 50

A- voting in federal elections is compulsory for all Australian citizens aged 18 years and over I- voting is not compulsory. voters must register before an election in order to be able to vote citizens can vote when they are 17 years old (or earlier if they are married)

Answer 51

A- elections for the house of representatives use a preferential voting system to elect one member foe each electorate. elections for the senate use a proportional voting system to fill multiple vacancies in each state and territory I- elections for both the DPR and DPD use proportional representation voting systems to elect multiple members for each constituency

Answer 52

organize electorates so each member of parliament represents a similar number of voters

Answer 53

elect a uniform number of representatives to represent states/provinces, regardless of their size or population

Answer 54

elect representatives for states/provinces for a fixed term

Answer 55

use an independent government agency to conduct national elections according to a standard procedure

Answer 56

A- the queen/king/crown is the head of state, and the governor general is their representative I- the president of the republic of Indonesia is the head of state

Answer 57

A- the monarch's position is hereditary and the governor general is appointed by them on the advice of the prime minister. the appointment is "at the queen/king/crown's pleasure", and this is usually for five years, although the term can be extended or shortened on the advice of the PM I- the president is elected for 5 years directly by the people and can serve a maximum of 2 of these 5-year terms. presidential and vice-presidential candidates (running as a team) must be nominated by a party or coalition with at least 20% of seats in the DPR or have received at least 25% of votes in the last DPR election, and to win they must receive more than 50% of the national vote and more than 20% of the votes in more than half the provinces. if no candidate achieves this the top 2 candidates contest a second (run off) election.

Answer 58

A (gg)- -is the queens representative in Australia -signs bills agreed to by both chambers of the parliament into law by giving the royal assent -commissions the prime minister and, on the PM's advice, ministers -dissolves parliament on the advice of the PM and starts the process of a federal election -is commander-in-chief of the defence force, although only acts on the advice of the executive -represents Australia on the international stage I (p)- -has a central role in the legislative process, ie, proposes bills to the DPR, appoints ministers to negotiate bills, jointly agrees with the DPR on bills and signs them into law -proclaims regulations which a law allows the president to make (delegated legislation) -appoints and removes ministers -is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces -appoints supreme court judges approved by the DPR -represents Indonesia and the Indonesian government on the international stage

Answer 59

A- the monarch's position is hereditary and so they cannot be removed, although they may abdicate (step down from the position). the governor general may resign or be removed by the crown on the advice of the prime minister I- the president can be removed by a 2/3 vote of the MPR, but before a charge of treason, bribery, immorality, or inability to fulfil the role is brought before the MPR the constitutional court must find the charges valid. if the president is removed the vice-president would then take on the role

Answer 60

no significant similarities exist

Answer 61

A- the party or parties with the support of the majority in the house of reps forms government; the two major parties are the Liberal Party of Australia (LP) and the Australian Labor party (ALP). other parties include Nationals, the Australian Greens, the Country Liberal Party, and Palmer United Party I- a candidate from a political party may win the presidency but have a minority in the DPR party representation in the MPR can change substantially from election to election; parties are divided along religious and cultural lines. largest national parties: Indonesia Democratic Party- Struggle (PDIP) Functional Groups Party (Golkar) Great Indonesian Movement Party (Gerinda) Democratic Party (PD) National Mandate Party (PAN) National Awakening Party (PKB)

Answer 62

A- Party discipline is very strong and party members are expected to vote with their party the ALP is the only party that has formal party rules to discourage its members voting against the party or 'crossing the floor' I- party discipline is weak. the president is the leader of their party but can have weak leadership of their party and in the DPR

Answer 63

A- both houses may contain independent members of parliament I- only candidates nominated by an approved party can contest the DPR. members of the DPD are elected as individuals and political parties are banned from contesting in these elections

civics Flashcards

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