Civil Rights Flashcards
(25 cards)
Double-V Campaign
After world war black American also won the war in USA. Double victory for America
Jackie Robinson
The first African American to play Major League Baseball in the modern era. His success challenged racial segregation in sports and was a cultural breakthrough against Jim Crow system.
Thurgood Marshall
A prominent NAACP lawyer who successfully argued Brown v. Board of Education and later became the first black supreme court justice. His legal work laid the groundwork for civil rights victories.
The Little Rock Nine
Nine black students who integrated central high school in Little Rock, Arkansas 1957. They faced violent resistance, prompting president Eisenhower to send federal troops to enforce desegregation.
Brown v. board of education 1954
A Supreme Court decision that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson. This landmark ruling energized the Civil Rights Movement.
Emmett Till
A 14-years-old Black boy brutally murdered in Mississippi in 1955 for allegedly whistling at a white woman. The open-casket funeral and media coverage sparked national outrage and mobilized activists.
Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-6
Triggered by Rosa Parks’ arrest, Black citizens of Montgomery, Alabama, boycotted the bus system for over a year, leading to the Supreme Court ruling that segregated buses were unconstitutional. It launched MLK into national prominence.
Martin Luther King, jr
Civil rights leader advocating nonviolence and civil disobedience. He leadership and speeches, like “I have a dream” made him the face of the movement, rooted in Christian ethics and American ideals.
Woolworth’s Sit-In 1960
Four black college students in Greensboro, NC, staged a sit-in at a segregated lunch counter. It sparked a wave of similar protests and led to the formation of the student nonviolent coordinating committee (SNCC)
Freedom Riders 1962
Interracial activists rode buses into the segregated south to test enforcement of supreme court rulings banning segregation in interstate travel. They faced brutal attacks but exposed southern resistance to desegregation.
Birmingham Campaign 1963
A strategic movement led by MLK and others to challenge segregation in one of America’s most racist cities. It included nonviolent protests and led to mass arrests and violent responses by authorities.
Letter from Birmingham jail
MLK’s famous defense of civil disobedience, written while jailed during the Birmingham campaign. He argues that injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.
Eugene “Bull” Connor
Birmingham’s segregationist police chief.
March on Washington 1963
A massive walk to protest black segregation in every manner
Civil Rights act of 1964
It bans segregation in every manner
Freedom Summer
A campaign in Mississippi to register black voters. Three activist student murdered by kkk without charge. One of them white
Bloody Sunday 1965
2 tries. On 7 and 9 march. One white died court 16 th passed.
Voting rights act of 1965
New 24th amendment allow you to vote without asking you to pass some test
Watts Uprising 1964-5
After a police officer assault a black. The people upraised and attacked buildings and officers. Similar thing happen 67
Chicago freedom movement
MartinLK start new movement to protest economic discrimination
Malcolm x
Nation of Islam. Independent black and white evils. We were kidnapped and we need to fight. That is contrary to the MLK
How did the Civil Rights Movement form? How can we best characterize its early phase?
It formed out of long-standing resistance to Jim Crow and was influenced by WW2’s promises of freedom. Early activism focused on legal challenges NAACP, boycotts, and nonviolent protests. The early phase was defined by grassroots activism, court victories and symbolic victories like Jackie Robinson of baseball
How did the leaders like MLK emerge from broader grassroots movement? How did the movement draw on American political traditions to demand equal rights?
MLK emerged as a leader during the Montgomery bus boycott but was backed by local activists and churches. He and others invoke the constitution, Declaration of Independence, and Christian values to demand equality, grounding their demands in American ideals of liberty and justice.
How did the civil rights movement shift its focus from challenging segregation to eliminating disfranchisement?
After success in desegregation, activists realized voting rights were essential for systemic change. Events like Freedom summer and Selma marches directly targeted barriers to voting, leading to the voting rights act of 1965
