civil rights Flashcards
(48 cards)
What did the Emancipation Proclamation declare?
All enslaved people in Confederate-held territory to be free
Issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, it strengthened the Union’s moral cause and discouraged foreign support for the Confederacy.
When was the Battle of Gettysburg fought?
July 1-3, 1863
It was a major Union victory that stopped the Confederate advance into the North.
What was the significance of the Gettysburg Address?
Reaffirmed the Union’s cause and democracy
Delivered by Lincoln on November 19, 1863.
What was the outcome of the Siege of Vicksburg?
Union victory under General Grant; control of the Mississippi River
This event occurred from May 18 to July 4, 1863.
What were the New York City Draft Riots?
Violent protests against the Union draft led by working-class Irish immigrants
Occurred from July 13-16, 1863, resulting in over 100 deaths.
What was Grant’s Overland Campaign?
A series of brutal battles between Grant and Lee in Virginia
Occurred from May to June 1864, resulting in heavy casualties but weakening the Confederacy.
What was the strategy behind Sherman’s March to the Sea?
Total war strategy that devastated Georgia
It aimed at destroying supplies and morale and occurred from November to December 1864.
What event marked the fall of Atlanta?
Boosted Northern morale and helped Lincoln win reelection
This event took place on September 2, 1864.
When did the Siege of Petersburg occur?
June 1864 – March 1865
This siege forced Lee to retreat.
What happened at Appomattox Court House?
Lee surrendered to Grant, effectively ending the war
This occurred on April 9, 1865.
What was the significance of Lincoln’s assassination?
Killed by John Wilkes Booth; Andrew Johnson became president
This event took place on April 14, 1865.
What did the 13th Amendment achieve?
Officially abolished slavery in the U.S.
Ratified in December 1865.
What was the main platform of the Democratic Party?
Supported states’ rights, territorial expansion, and the spread of slavery
Strongest in the South and among immigrants in urban areas.
What did the Whig Party oppose?
Andrew Jackson and the Democrats
They favored a strong federal government and economic modernization.
What was the slogan of the Free Soil Party?
Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men
This party emerged in 1848 opposing the expansion of slavery.
What was the Know-Nothing Party’s stance?
Opposed immigration, especially Catholic immigrants
Briefly influential in the mid-1850s.
What was the primary goal of the Republican Party when it was founded?
Opposed the expansion of slavery
Founded in 1854 as an anti-slavery party.
What did the Constitutional Union Party focus on?
Preserving the Union, ignoring the slavery issue
Formed in 1860 as a last-ditch effort to avoid civil war.
What was established by the Missouri Compromise of 1820?
Maintained balance between free and slave states
Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
What did the Compromise of 1850 achieve?
Admitted California as a free state and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act
This increased tensions between North and South.
What was the outcome of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’?
Intensified abolitionist sentiments in the North and angered the South
Published in 1852.
What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act allow?
New territories to decide on slavery through popular sovereignty
Led to violent clashes known as ‘Bleeding Kansas’ in 1854.
What was ‘Bleeding Kansas’?
Armed conflicts between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers
Occurred from 1855 to 1858, serving as a prelude to the Civil War.
What was John Brown’s Raid?
Failed attempt to incite a slave uprising at Harpers Ferry
This event in 1859 alarmed the South.
