Civil Rights Movement Flashcards
(38 cards)
Who was Earl Warren?
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1954
Why was Earl Warren significant?
He was crucial in the unanimous Brown V Board ruling
When was Brown V Board?
1954
What did Brown V Board rule?
Separate but equal school facilities were unconstituional
When and what was Brown II?
In 1955 the Supreme Court issued Brown II, which demanded speedy integration of all public schools
Why was school integration slow despite the Brown rulings?
No official date by which schools had be integrated was set, and Southern powers were not in any hurry to integrate schools
Little Rock, Arkansas
In Little Rock, Arkansas, a white mob attempted to exclude 9 black pupils going to school; in response Eisenhower deployed federal troops to ensure their safety and study
Browder V Gayle ruling
1956- upheld the decision that segregated seating on public transport was unconstitutional
Backlash to Montgomery Bus Boycott/Browder V Gayle
In 1957, four black churches were bombed by the KKK in Montgomery
Albany, Georgia
1961-62- SCLC protest was effectively handled without violence; resulted in little media attention or change
Birmingham, Alabama
1963- SCLC protest that was handled violently and gained national media attention
Who was Bull Conner?
Birmingham chief of police, who used police dogs and water cannons in response to the SCLC protest in Birmingham
When was the march on Washington?
1963
How many people were at the march on Washington?
250,000 people gathered on the step of Lincoln Memorial to see MLK deliver his ‘I have a dream’ speech
Sit in participation
In 1960, 70,000 students participated in sit ins across the South, where they refused to leave their seats at segregated lunch counters
Impact of sit ins
Woolworth’s desegregated their lunch counters in 1961
Mississippi Freedom Summer
A campaign (that SNCC was highly involved in) to help boost black votings numbers in Mississippi
When did CORE rise to prominence and why?
In 1961 due to the Freedom Rides
Purpose of Freedom Rides
Hoped to bring federal enforcement to the 1960 declaration that segregated public transport was unconstitutional
Were the Freedom Rides successful?
Yes; Freedom Riders were attacked by white mobs in Birmingham and the federal interstate commerce commission issued orders to enforce racial integration
When was the first Civil Rights bill of the 1960s?
1964 Civil Rights Act
When was the second Civil Rights bill of the 1960s?
1965 Voting Rights Act
When was the final Civil Rights bill of the 1960s?
1968 Fair Housing Act
Why was the 1964 Civil Rights Act passed?
- White opinion was changing
- Tribute to Kennedy
- Black activism had exposed white racism
