Rise of Jim Crow Flashcards
Impact of 1883 Supreme Court rulings
- Reinforced beliefs in white supremacy
- South empowered to implement de jure segregation (Jim Crow laws)
- Left blacks open to racial discrimination and segregation
What were the 1883 Supreme Court ruling?
- Ruled 1875 Civil Rights Act unconstitutional
- Ruled federal intervention over racial discrimination by private individuals/companies unconstitutional
Rail travel in Florida
In 1887, Florida became the first state to introduce legal segregation in railway carriages
Famous accomodationist
Booker T Washington
Booker T Washington speech
Atlanta Compromise- said he was willing to accept racial segregation if black Americans were still able to acquire an education and skills
When was the Atlanta Compromise?
1895
Ways of restricting black voting
- Literacy tests
- Poll taxes
- Fraud
- Intimidation
- Grandfather clause
- Congressional redistricting
Example of fraud
In Mississippi, voting official claimed mules ate the ballot papers from black communities
Grandfather clause
Louisiana was the first to introduce the Grandfather clause in 1898
Impact of Mississippi voting restrictions
- Within 2 years of Mississippi’s adoption of this new voter constitution, the number of black voters fell from 190,000 to 8,000
- Federal government did nothing to challenge Mississippi = emboldened other states to do the same
3 important supreme court rulings of the 1890s
1896 - Plessy V Ferguson
1898 - Williams V Mississippi
1899 - Cumming V Board of Education
Outcome of Plessy V Ferguson
Ruled that separate but equal facilities were constitutional
Outcome of Williams V Mississippi
Ruled that poll taxes + literacy tests were constitutional
Outcome of Cumming V Board of Education
Ruled that Richmond County continuing to fund white high schools but not black high schools was constitutional
Post-reconstruction lynchings per year
In the 1890s there were an average of 187 lynchings per year
