civil war

Question 1

strengths/weaknesses of union/confederacy

Answer 1

north:
-better economy, transportation, navy, population & emancipation
-lacked leadership & purpose

south
-fighting defensive war (their land), purpose, leadership, cotton diplomacy
-lacked nvy, government structure, equipment, transportation (no railroad), economy & manufacturing

Question 2

state of medical technology/impact on war

Answer 2

-not advanced
-amputation
-lead bullets-lead poisoning, large & slow, stuck in body

Question 3

state of military technology/tactics & impact on war

Answer 3

-rifles/machine guns
-changed fighting tactics
-rifle causes bullets to spin/go faster
-fighting with musket strategy creating mass graveyards

Question 4

foreign relations during war

Answer 4

-confederacy wanted help from british because of cotton diplomacy
-didn’t work because britain could get own cotton
-britain also didnt support slavery
-lost france and british support after vicksburg

Question 5

the “border states” importance

Answer 5

-missouri, kentucky, delaware, west virginia & maryland
-slave states remaining in union
-importance: if they left, more men for confederacy & resources for south
-martial law in maryland, guerilla warfare in missouri, suspensio in writ of habeas corpus, dubious legality to keep in union

Question 6

contribution of black soldiers

Answer 6

-enlistment as opportunity to prove citizenship
-faced prejudice like pay, rank, supply quality and not allowed to fight
-more accepted after emancipation proclamation
-confederacy didn’t enlist black soldiers until month before end of war

Question 7

ex parte merryman, wartime civil liberties, suspension of habeus corpus

Answer 7

habeas corpus:
-declared that you have right to be informed of charges against you and right to prove innocence by trial
-denied to people for nations security
-easier to arrest people
-presidential power increases in war-right to order blockade/increase army size without congress approval

merryman
-john merryman
-inprisoned by union in suspicion of being confederate
-roger taney
-against lincoln and for habeus corpus but lincoln ignores

Question 8

“cotton diplomacy”

Answer 8

-hope for european alliance
-emancipation proclamation prevents european intervention

Question 9

national legislation passed during the war

Answer 9

-republican majority in congress
-no southern opposition to block

Question 10

morill tariff act

Answer 10

1861
-increase existing duties to 10%
-helped pay for war
-taxed iron/steel
-passed after south secedes

Question 11

morill land grant

Answer 11

-1862
-offer training/new techniques fo schools
-land support for education (30k acres per state)

Question 12

homestead act

Answer 12

-spur agricultural development
-set up free land (160 acres) to ncourage settlement
-difficulties: quality of land, supply cost, mother nature, fraud, crop prices

Question 13

conscription & substitutes

Answer 13

-originally volunteers until conscription act
-all men 20-45 had to register for draft
-unfair to poor (rich can hire substitutes, southerners with enough slaves could escape, north could pay $300

Question 14

nyc draft riot (1863)

Answer 14

-mob of underprivileged, anti-black, irish americans
-attack wealthy african americans
-burn, draft, pillage in response to consription

Question 15

emancipation proclamation/impact of confederate constitution

Answer 15

-declare slaves free in rebel territory (places lincoln couldnt actually free
-moral cause of north, prevented european aid of south
-gave union new soldiers

Question 16

the alabama, the laird rams, examples of___?

Answer 16

-british vessels
-unarmed dock
-escaped to portugal, took weapons, flew confederate flag

Question 17

lincoln’s stated purpose of war/motivations

Answer 17

-not fighting to end slavery
-secession not legal
-preserve union

Question 18

union finances during civil war

Answer 18

-tax on tobacco & alcohol increased
-washington issued green paper money
-national banking system
-wartime prosperity in north-factories/protective tariff

Question 19

confederate finances during civil war

Answer 19

-blockade imports ruining economy
-only really have cotton
-bread riots
-shortage of essentials

Question 20

methods utilized by union/confederacy to raise war revenue

Answer 20

-progressive income tax
-federal government issued money
-north: excise taxes, morill tariff act, national banking system
-south: confederate bonds, states rights’ southerners opposed to heavy direct taxation

Question 21

problems confronting confederacy during war

Answer 21

-states right issues, economic mess
-lack of transportation/numbers
-overreliance on cotton
-need for foreign intervention

Question 22

expansion of opportunities for women during the war

Answer 22

-jobs
-fighting front (accompany husbands)
-spy missions
-smugglng
-medical field (nurses)
-puts women’s rights on hold

Question 23

“shoddy millionaires”

Answer 23

-dishonest agents
-profits>patriotism
-shoes with cardboard soles and uniforms of shoddy woo

Question 24

“blockade runners”

Answer 24

-risky but profitable
-run things through blockade to smuggle goods into south
-700% profit

Question 25

gettysburg address

Answer 25

-response to battle of gettysburg
-lincoln fosters idea that civil war is follow up to rev war
-dead won’t die in vain
-rally to move union forward

Question 26

election of 1864-union party (each battle+significance)

Answer 26

-looked like Lincoln would lose because the war was very unpopular, but turned
around with the capture of Atlanta
-war democrats support and peace democrats dont support him
-republican party joined with war democrats, forming the union party
* lincoln beats mccellan in 1864 election
* running mate was Andrew Johnson

Question 27

copperheads

Answer 27

-peace democrats, hated both candidates

Question 28

fort sumter

Answer 28

-after secession, starts war
-union fort in south
-union sends provisions
-confederates attack, trapped for 34 hours and surrender

Question 29

first bull run (manassas)

Answer 29

-lincoln sends troops to confederate capitol
-general jackson leads south to success
-north retreats and fear of follow up attack since they were near union capital (dc)
-inflated southern confidence

Question 30

union naval blockade; “anaconda plan” of winfield scott

Answer 30

-us navy block federate coast
-hoped to control mississippi
-successful in cutting supples (leads to bread riots)

Question 31

shiloh

Answer 31

-grant attempts to capture confederate railroads near mississippi
-union wins, confirming no quick end to war

Question 32

chancellorsville

Answer 32

-lee splits army
-stonewall jackson wounded
-lee defeats hooker, one of greatest wins for south

Question 33

moniter v. merrimac (the virginia)

Answer 33

-naval battle
-demonstration in ironclads over wooden ships, revolutionizing naval warfare

Question 34

antietam

Answer 34

-lee marches to border states, wants to earn foreign recognition and bring border states into conflict
-draw but lee retreats and confederacy loses foreign recognition
-mcclellan replaced for inadequacy
-lincoln prepares to release emancipation proclamation after

Question 35

vicksburg

Answer 35

-won by grant
-marched to river, raced boats under fire, corssed river, marched on opposite side living off land and conducted month long siege
-union gains full control of mississippi river, cutting off resources of confederacy

Question 36

gettysburg

Answer 36

-bloodiest battle
-lee vs meade & hooker

Question 37

shermans march to sea

Answer 37

-deliberate destruction through south
-rape, murder, target civilians (total war
-defeats atlanta and takes over ga

Question 38

war philosophies of grant/sherman

Answer 38

-grant “campaign of grim annihilation”attrition. northern number superiority
-sherman “total war”, target civilian population, “war is all hell”

Question 39

appomattox

Answer 39

-lee surrenders
-south did wrong but “still family”
-generous surrender, officers keep arms soldiers turn guns over

Question 40

bennett’s place

Answer 40

-farm chosen to negotiate johnstons surrender

Question 41

jefferson davis

Answer 41

-president of confederacy
-not popular
-first senate member from mississippi

Question 42

george mcclellan

Answer 42

-replaces mcdowell after bull run
people loved him but too safe
-more time training than fighting (antietam)

Question 43

william tecumseh sherman

Answer 43

-total war
-shermans raid
-brute

Question 44

robert e. lee

Answer 44

-advisor to president davis
-good general

Question 45

thomas “stonewall” jackson

Answer 45

-forced south to end retreat and face union

Question 46

joseph johnston

Answer 46

-loses to sherman

Question 47

john wilkes booth

Answer 47

-kills lincoln

Question 48

mary chestnut’s diary

Answer 48

-diary during civil war
-sc

Question 49

traveler

Answer 49

-robert e. lees horse