cla 1102 midterm 2 Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
villa
A
country house
2
Q
where are toilets
A
kitchen
3
Q
latrina
A
toilet
4
Q
conclave/forica
A
public toilet
5
Q
women vs mens tunics
A
women’s tunics are long, touch the ground
men’s tunics come right before the knee
6
Q
subligar
A
underwear
7
Q
senator tunic
A
2 wide stripes of purple
8
Q
equestrian tunic
A
2 narrow stripes of purple
9
Q
tunica laticlavia
A
tunic with wide stripe
10
Q
tunica augusticlavia
A
tunic with narrow stripe
11
Q
calcei
A
outdoor shoes
12
Q
soleae
A
indoor sandals
13
Q
caligae
A
military boots
14
Q
toga virilus
A
- “Manly” toga → given after maturity like a bar mitzva
- Normal toga that everyone has
15
Q
toga pulla
A
Wear it when ur in mourning (40 day period after passing) or in court
16
Q
toga candida
A
- White → bleached
- Only for ppl running for office
- Known as “whities” → “candidatus”
17
Q
toga praetexta
A
“Highest tier”
- Censors, consuls, praetors
- All priests get to wear them
- emperor
- Worn by children, both boys and girls of upper classes
18
Q
(t/f) people didn’t want left-handed children
A
TRUE
would force them to do things with their right
19
Q
(t/f) an emperor banned pants so people couldn’t wear them
A
TRUE
20
Q
where are pants worn
A
only when it was cold
usually worn only by soldiers in the north
21
Q
strophium/mamillare
A
underwear and bra
22
Q
stola
A
woman’s toga
bleached white peplos worn overtop a chiton
–> ALWAYS white
23
Q
sandalia
A
closed-toed sandals worn by womrn
24
Q
peplos
A
V NECK
women’s fashion inspired by the Greek
tunic that is much longer and not sewn at the front
2 broches hold it at the front
25
chiton
FLAT TOP
has BUTTONS
worn under a stola --> can be decorated with whatever
26
chiton vs. peplos
peplos: v-neck
chiton: flat neck, buttons
27
matrona
woman who is married
28
who can wear the stola
matrona (women who are married)
29
palla/pallium
CLOAK
palla: for women
pallium: for men
30
petasus
HAT
worn to protect themselves from the sun/rain
--> never worn by upper classs
31
(t/f) people did not have running water in their apartment
TRUE
32
thermopolium/caupona(latin)
place where they sell hot things
-- > restaurant (fast food)
33
graffiti
scratched onto a surface
34
dipinti
painted onto a surface
35
how many months was the original calendar
10 months (mar-dec)
36
who moved jan/feb to the beginning of the calendar
decemviri
37
who fixed the roman calendar
julius caesar
38
how many days of the week did the original roman calendar have
8 days
39
what kind of patterns would houses have painted on
hellenistic (greek)
40
only major Roman defeats in first punic war (dates)
255 (land), 249 (naval)
41
first punic war (date)
264-241
42
sicily is the first roman province (date)
241
43
sardinia and corsica provinces (date), carthage conquers spain
237
44
seige of saguntum (date)
219
45
second punic war (date)
218-201
46
battle of ticinum and trebia (date)
218
47
battle of lake trasimene (date)
217
48
battle of cannae (date)
216
49
Hannibal takes capua and is supported by Macedonia and Syracuse (date)
215
50
defeat of syracuse;death of archimedes (date)
212
51
defeat of hasdrubal at metaurus river (date)
207
52
romans conquer spain (date)
206
53
end of first macedonia war (date)
205
54
scipio invades africa (date)
204
55
hannibal recalled (date)
203
56
battle of zama (date)
202
57
treaty signed (date)
201
58
spain made into 2 provinces (date)
197
59
philip V defeated at cynoscephalae (second macedonian war) (date)
197
60
antiochus III of Syria defeated at Magnesia (date)
190
61
third macedonian war ends at pydna (date)
168
62
Illyricum made a province (date)
167
63
third punic war; destruction of carthage; africa made a province (date)
149-146
64
fourth macedonian war ends (date)
148
65
revolt of achaean league; achaea and macedonia made a province
146
66
tiberius gracchus, tribune of the plebs (date)
133
67
gaius gracchus, tribune of the plebs (date)
123-122
68
gaius marius, consul 6 times, 5 times in a row (date)
107-100
(104-100) --> in a row
69
social war (date)
91-87
70
siege of Rome (date)
82
71
sulla dictator (date)
81- early 80
72
revolt of spartacus in italy (date)
73-71
73
pompey and crassus consuls (date)
70
74
Gauis Julius Caesar consul (date)
59
75
Caesar begins first 5-year command in Gaul (date)
58
76
Caesar's conquest of brtain (date)
55-54
77
Crassus killed at Carrhae against parthians (date)
53
78
Gaul made a province (date)
51
79
senate declares martial law against caesar (date)
7 jan. 49
80
Caesar crosses rubicon river, declaring civil war (date)
11 jan. 49
81
pompey defeated at pharsalus by caesar (date)
48
82
caesar assassinated (date)
15 march 44
83
Brutus and cassius defeated at phillippi by octavian and antony (date)
42
84
NON(nones) (calendar)
about a week into the month
5 or 7
85
Kalends (K)(calendar)
first of the month
86
intercalaris
extra month the romans stuck into the calendar every 2 years
87
why did the calendar fall further and further behind initially
during the wars, romans thought it was bad luck to put in intercalaris
88
what did the romans call the extra day in a leap year
a second "6 days before kalends of march"
89
id (ides) (calendar(
13 or 15
90
pr/pridie (calendar)
the day before
91
what months do the NONES fall on the 7th day
Mar, Jul, Oct, May
92
what months do the IDES fall on the 15th
Mar, Jul, Oct, May
93
F[astus]/C[omitalis] (calendar)
working day
94
N[efastus] (calendar)
trials, committees and assemblies banned
95
EN[edoitio exito nefas] (calendar)
half days
--> when business was banned in the morning and evening
--> could still do things in the afternoon
96
NP[nefas piaculum] (calendar)
days of great public festivals and holidays when trials and comitia were banned
97
ludi (3 events)
- gladiatorial combats (amphitheaters)
- chariot races (circuses)
- theatrical presentations (theaters)
98
where did gladiatorial combats develop from
was originally an etruscan ritual (sort of a human sacrifice) performed at funerals
--> slaves would fight each other
99
who was HAMILCAR BARCA
carthaginian commander who conquered spain after carthage was conquered by the romans
trained sons to hate rome
100
what was the treaty between romans and carthaginians
to establish the Ebro river as a boundary between their lands
--> Romans would deal with the north, carthaginians deal with the south
101
where did hamilcar's son (hannibal) choose to attack? why?
attacked SAGUNTUM
--> saguntum was in an allyship with Rome, meaning they would come help if he attacked them. this would give him a reason to declare war on Rome
102
4 defeats against hannibal
1. TICINUM (218)
2. TREBIA (218)
3. TRASIMENE (217)
4. CANNAE (216)
103
which kings sided with hannibal
- philip V of MACEDONIA
- hireo II of SYRACUSE
104
what did Q. FABIUS MAXIMUS CUNCTATOR suggest against the carthiginians
to not fight them, not engage in battle, attack their resources and isolate hannibal from his allies
105
hasdrubal bacra
hannibal's brother
tried to bring hannibal resources after he asked for help, but was met by the roman army --> captured and killed
his head was cut off and sent to hannibal
106
battle of the upper baetus
both commanders were wiped out and had to withdraw from spain
107
P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO
cleared carthaginians from spain
sent more fronts to sicily, Syracuse, Macedonia, and then africa
108
battle of zama
initially, carthage sued for peace when scipio attacked, but when hannibal came in response to a cry for help, they fought
hannibal was defeated for the first time
109
how did hannibal commit suicide
drank bull's blood
110
2 provinces in spain
hispania citerior --> northern
hispania ulterior --> southern
111
philip the fifth
wanted to take over greece, but they called Rome for backup since they defeated Philip once before
defeated in 197
112
antiochus III
one of the descendents of Alexander the Great
threatened Greece and had a battle at Magnesia
--> was defeated in 190
113
M. PORCIUS CATO (cato the elder)
senator that believed the carthaginians were a threat and must be eradicated
"Carthago Delenda Est" = "Carthage must be destroyed"
114
third punic war
149-146
cato the elder wanted to get rid of the carthaginians
--> rome defeated the carthaginians, sacked the city, burned it to the ground, sold the entire population to slavery
115
archaean league
Greeks were getting worried about Rome so they made a league and revolted against Rome to start a war
--> did not last very long...... rome took their territory and made it into a province (Macedonia)........
116
what were the problems that lead to the end of the Roman Republic (6)
1. devastation of italy: they burned everything and anyone who had supported hannibal
2. most soldiers are peasant farmers: wars are getting further from home
3. huge influx of wealth from foreign conquest/latifundia: used to buy power and land
4. ager publicus: aristocrats realized they can steal from the government
5. increase in slave labour: slave revolts
6: fewer farmers: fewer men for army
117
latifundia
giant plantations that the wealthy in Rome run
118
TIBERIUS
was aware of the problems in Rome, so decided to run for Tribune of the Plebs
--> wanted to give the land back to the unemployed
--> when king of Asia dies, he left his land to Rome so Tiberius wanted to distribute this land
119
what happened to TIBERIUS
his cousin gets a mob of thugs and claimed tiberius is trying to make himself king
-->sent thugs after tiberius
since tribunes have sancrosanctity, he is assassinated
--> chopped to pieces so he can't have a burial
120
GAIUS
tiberius' younger brother
agreed with tiberius' values but was much more successful
--> elected 123 AND 122
committed suicide so he wouldn't fall into the hands of the mob (after his term)
121
PONTIFEX MAXIMUS
led the mobs that went after tiberius and gaius
122
condordia
unwritten law
123
C. MARIUS
first to pay soldiers and provide equipment for the army
--> also accepted volunteers for the army who weren't slaves
--> later also hooked up w Cinna to kill all of Sulla'a supporters in Rome
124
victory against teutones
102 at Aquae Sextiae
led by C. MARIUS
125
victory against Cimbri at Vercellae
romans took their shields and tobogganed down the hills to show their manliness and alphaness frfr
126
social war
91-87
italy revolts against Rome because they haven't been getting anything in return for their alliance
--> Rome surrenders (gives full citizenship to everyone) but italy's like oh what if we just take over rome then
127
MITHRIDATES
king of Pontus
says he will wipe Rome out
--> slaughtered a bunch od Romans but he is defeated and SULLA gets the command over mithridates
128
what does SULLA do after he defeats mithridates
takes a long time to come back to Rome
--> in this time his army starts to owe allegiance to him and not Rome
takes his army to GREECE and lets them plunder the land
129
who is SULLA greeted by when he comes back to Rome
1. M. Licinius Crassus
2. Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius
3. CN. Pompey
130
Sulla, Crassus, Pius, Pompey
all 4 of them beseige Rome, Sulla declared himself dictator in 81
131
PROSCRIPTION
wanted posters
--> introduced by Sulla when he wanted to get all the names of Marius and Cinna's supporters
132
what did Rome do when they made Cilicia a province
said NO SHIPS!! but that was bad bc there was no one to manage the pirates
--> eventually came back later when Rome was occupied with spain and mithridates
133
imperium
power that a commander has to do what he does as a commander
--> limited by location and time
134
why did pompey need imperium
to deal with the pirates in cilicia
--> pius was having trouble with them
135
first triumvate
pompey, crassus, caesar
--> pompey and crassus didn't like sulla bc he wouldn't give land to pompey's soldiers
136
what does caesar do after being elected governor
glaims he is being attacked from transalpine gaul so that he may cross his border and "defend" his territory
137
who does crassus want to conquer
parthians bc they are threatening roman territory
--> but parthians are too good and he gets surrounded by arrows and has to surrender
--> he dieded (53)
138
who did pompey marry?
caesar's daughter for an alliance
139
what does caesar do after conquering the transalpine gauls
was like hmm now i wanna conquer britain (55-54) but doesn't even conquer the land he just bullies them
140
VERCINGETORIX
GALLIC commander who led a rebellion in 52
--> were driven back the romans into ALESIA
--> caesar builds a wall around the bottom of the city
later when he loses caesar keeps him like a pet so he could show him off LMFAOOAA
141
what does caesar cross to declare war against Rome
Rubicon river
142
IACTA ALEA EST
the die has been thrown
143
PTOLEMY III
Alexandria
initially pompey went to him bc he was an ally but NOPE, got his head chopped off and handed to caesar on a silver platter
144
battle of alexandria
47
bc Cleopatra wanted to be queen of egypt instead of her brother
caesar fights the army and ptolemy drowns in the nile womp womp
145
battle of zela
46
caesar runs into mithridates' son and his army, but like he kinda got squashed
146
battle of munda
45
pompey's sons tried to defeat caesar but failed
147
how many times is caesar stabbed
23 times
he also died at pompey's senate house
148
second triumvate
OCTAVIAN(caesar's son), ANTONY, LEPIDUS
