final Flashcards
(202 cards)
1
Q
parents of achilles
A
PELEUS and THETIS (Juno and Jupiter)
2
Q
wedding of Juno and Jupiter
A
didn’t invite Discordia/Eris and she was pissed
–> wanted to cause problems so she manufactured a solid gold apple and labelled it for the most beautiful
–> chucked that shit into the party
–> goddesses starting squabbling over the apple
3
Q
Paris
A
human (prince of Troy)
was the one to decide who got the golden apple (who was the most beautiful goddess)
Troy was a huge city and the king of Troy was an important person so they accepted his decision
sent mercury to give Paris the apple
4
Q
what did juno, minerva, and venus offer Paris? (hera, athena, aphrodite)
A
Hera –> promised him to be king of Europe and Asia
Athena –> promised him skill so that he can conquer the whole world + wisdom
Aphrodite –> promised him Helem of Sparta as his wife (most beautiful woman in the world)
5
Q
trojan war
A
the greeks sail against troy to get Helen of sparta back
–> can’t take troy because the walls are too high so they come up with the trojan horse
–> make them think its a gift for minerva
–> trojans wanted to steal the gift and take it into troy themselves but the horse was filled with greek soldiers
–> greeks snuck out of the horse while trojans were partying and let in the rest of the army
GREEKS WON
6
Q
praenomen
A
first name
referred to at home
7
Q
nomen
A
family name
referred to outside of home
women would take the feminine version
8
Q
cognomen
A
extra name
9
Q
cognomina
A
extra titles, accomplishments added to name
10
Q
plebian vs patrician
A
plebian –> poor
patrician –> rich
11
Q
struggle of the orders
A
attempt by the plebians to get the same rights as the patricians
12
Q
where did wealth come from
A
land
13
Q
equestrians
A
equites –> cavalrymen
went into cavalry to show wealth since u had to buy ur own equipment
businessmen, would make money through trading –> “bad money”
14
Q
senatorial order
A
men who get their money from land and are involved in politics
run for office
15
Q
equestrian order
A
men who get their money from business
16
Q
how do you show you’re part of the senatorial/equestrain ordeer
A
obtain a ring to show everyone you’re a part of them
17
Q
what do you need to get into the senatorial/equestrian order
A
equestrian: need 400,000 sesterces (big bronze coins) worth of land
senatorial: need 800,000 sesterces worth of land
–> had to have served as quaestor to be eligible
18
Q
(t/f) senatorial/equestrian position is hereditary
A
TRUE
19
Q
Novus Homo
A
“new man”
someone who was an equestrian who was able to become a member of the senatorial order
have to give up family business they inherited and buy land with the money
20
Q
patroni
A
PATRONS
would provide legal support/advice
–> spend time each morning helping clients
21
Q
clientes
A
CLIENTS
expected to act as the patron’s agents –> run errands
–> support when he runs for political office
22
Q
sources of slaves
A
mostly people who were captured in foreign wars
also from kidnapping, crimes, exposed babies, punishment, children of slaves
23
Q
peculium
A
slave’s wages
24
Q
paegagogi
A
slaves who were tutors or teachers
25
(t/f) roman slaves are more expensive
FALSE
--> greek slaves were more expensive because they were smarter/more civilized
26
slave hunters
people who would hunt down slaves
--> if you harbor someone's runaway slave, you're charged with theft
--> slave is also charged with theft if he runs away (he stole himself)
27
spartacus
gladiator who led a slave revolt of all slaves in the area
28
slave revolts
all slaves part of a slave revolt were killed
--> encourages people to rat others out
--> one person getting killed > everyone getting killed
29
vigintiviri
elected for 1 year
20 people, later 26 aged early 20s
college of minor magistrates, consisted of 6 boards
elections are in July for the next year
30
quaestor
elected for 1 year
20 people, aged 27-30
financial officials
31
aedile
elected for 1 year
4 people
look after city, grain supply, games
32
praetor
elected for 1 year
8 people
judges, run courts
33
propraetor
PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR
former praetor
picked by lot
34
consul
elected for 1 year
2 people, aged 42
took care of military, legislative, administrative, supervisory responsibilities
35
proconsul
PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR
picked by lot
looked after more difficult provinces
--> wanted them in provinces w military problems
36
Censor
elected for 18 month term every fifth year
2 people
count citizens and assign them to one of the 35 tribes
set taxes, state contracts, and public building contracts
add new senators from senatorial order, moral oversight of senate, removal of corrupt officials
perform lustrum
37
lustrum
performed on the Campus Matrius to mark the end of the census in may, 17 months after their election
38
suovetaurilia
triple sacrifice of a boar, a ram, and a bull
39
names for slaves and freedmen
only have one name and would adopt their previous master's praenomen and nomen
--> old name would be their cognomen
40
roman numerals
I = 1
V=5
X=10
L=50
C=100
D=500
M=1,000
41
babari
non-romans
42
servei
slaves
43
liberti
freedmen
44
ingenui
freebron
45
3 factors status among romans
1. citizenship: only free(d) adult men could be citizens
2. freedom: are you/have you ever been a slave?
3. wealth: are you a patrician or a plebeian?
46
peculium
slave's allowance
--> could use it to buy their freedom
47
latifundia
big slave farms
48
manumissio
act of freeing slaves
49
manumit
ceremony of freedom
50
pileus
point hat given to freed slaves but also a normal hat that people wore
51
2 ways to free a slave
1. tell a slave that he is free
2. slave can be made a citizen
52
cursus honorum
hierarchy of political offices
53
dictator
appointed by senate for max 6 months
serves alongside magister equitum who is a subordinate colleague
54
senate
made of 600 members
former office holders chosen by censors from the senatorial order
supreme decision making body of the Roman state
ratifies electrons and laws after being voted upon
55
tribune of the plebes
5 people, later 10
elected every year for 1 year terms starting on Dec 10
--> elected only by plebians
have sancrosactitatas
56
sacrosanctitatas
power of the tribune of the plebes
they cannot be touched, assaulted, or trespassed upon
57
plebiscita
laws passed by the plebes
58
fasces
symbol of imperium
dictator was entitled to 24 lictors and faces
consul entitled to 12
59
insula
apartment buildings
supposed to be 5 stories tall, but people frequently broke this rule
ground floor could commonly be shops and shop owners would live right above
60
Insula Felicles
bulding that was so tall it was written about in africa
61
domus
Roman house
only upper class
62
atrium (house)
hall
63
fauces (house)
passage
64
tablinum (house)
passage room
65
hottus (house)
garden
66
peristylium (house)
inner court/garden surrounded by pillared arcades
67
exedra (house)
garden room
68
vestibulum (house)
entrance
69
taberna(house)
shop
70
cubiculum (house)
bedroom
71
implucium (house)
shallow basin
72
ala (house)
open side room
73
piscina (house)
fishponf
74
triclinium (house)
dining-room
75
postium (house)
backdoor
76
andron (house)
passage
77
culina (house)
kitchen
78
villa
country house
79
where would the toilets be
in the kitchen --> where the water is
80
conclave/forica
public toilet
81
public vs private toilets
public: no stalls
--> trough of water at bottom so water constantly runs
--> fountain of water to wash hands and sponges on a strict to clean
--> would stick them through the trough to clean them
82
women's tunics
long, would touch the ground
brighter, more colourful
83
men's tunics
would come right before the knee
84
subligar/tunica intima
underwear
85
senator vs. equestrian tunic
senator: 2 wide stripes of purple
equestrian: 2 narrow stripes of purple
86
tunica laticlavia
tunic with wide stripe
87
tunica angusticlavia
tunic with narrow stripe
88
toga
official and formal civilian dress of roman citizen
--> need to be a citizen to wear one
89
calcei
outdoor shoes
90
soleae
indoor sandals
91
caligae
military boots
92
toga virilus
"manly toga" --> given after maturity
93
toga pulla
wear when in mourning (40 day period after passing)
94
toga candida
white --> bleached
only for people running for office
95
toga praetexta
"highest tier"
worn by censors, consuls, praetors
worn by children --> when the girls get married they take it off
96
toga muliebris
used when shit talking a woman --> would be worn by prostitutes
97
sandalia
closed-toed sandals
worn by women
98
strophium/mamillare
underwear and bra
99
peplos
tunic that is not sewn on top
V NECK, layered, held together with 2 broches
women's tunic
100
chiton
flat top, BUTTONS, not sewn
no v neck
women's tunic
101
stola
bleached white peplos, worn over a chiton
only worn by matrona
102
matrona
woman who is married
103
palla/pallium
CLOAK
palla: female word for cloak
104
petasus
HAT
worn to protect from the sun or rain
never worn by upper class
105
thermopolium/caupona
place where they sell hot things
fast food restaurant
106
graffiti vs. dipinti
graffiti" scratched into a surface
dipinti: painted on
107
how many months were there originally
10
no jan, feb
108
what is "ABCDEFGH" on the calendar
days of the week
was initially 8 days
109
intercalaris
extra month in the year
110
where did gladiators come from initially
etruscans --> was a ritual for funerals --> human sacrifice
111
venatio/venationes
people vs. animals
112
ludus
word for school
113
lanista
gladiator trainer
114
rudis
wooden practice sword
given to retired gladiators
115
rudiarius
retired gladiator
116
harena
SAND
all over the amphitheatre floors bc it soaks up all the blood
over time became word for building
117
editor
person who puts on gladiator shows (except for colosseum which is held by emperor)
would put a thumbs up or wave a white cloth
--> thumbs up = kill them
--> white cloth = spare them
118
who banned gladiator schools
Honorius (also banned pants)
no gladiator = chariot racing
119
eljem (thyrdrus)
second biggest ampitheatre that survived other than the colosseum
government decided to blow it up bc pirates set up fort in it
120
who started the colosseum
emperor vespian in 69
built the first major floor and his son opened it for the first time even tho it wasn't finished at the time
121
what was the other name for the colosseum
flavian amphitheatre
only called the colloseum bc of a statue by it
122
velum
retractable roof that keeps people out of the sun
123
colosseum levels
1. podium: bottom, for rich people
2. maenianum primum: first level
3. maen. secundum imum: lower second level
4. maen. secundum summun: higher second level
5. maen. summun in ligneis/porticus: highest level, wooden bleachers (porticus)
124
levels in smaller ampitheatres
1: ima cavea: bottom
2: media cavea: 2/3
3. summa cavea: 4/5
^^ each of these would be divided into CUNEI (wedges
125
what did pompey try to do in his games
brought elephants to be slaughtered, did not work out
126
st. augustine and alypius
went to big law school in Rome, alypius became obsessed with the gladiatorial games
127
condemnatio ad bestias
condemned to the beasts
128
tunica molesta
regular tunic that is soaked in flammable material --> gladiator would go out to fight but then burst into flames
129
condemnatio ad gladium
condemned to the sword
--> criminals could train as gladiators for a year but would have to be killed sometime in the year
130
condemnatio ad ludum
condemned to the games
--> have to train as gladiators to fight
--> if ur alive after 3 years, ur free
131
bestiarii
animal gladiators
132
missum fac!, missos fac!
release him!
133
iugula (gladiator)
"slit his throat", "kill him"
134
hoc habet (gladiator)
"he's done for"
when someone receives a mortal wound
135
what if a gladiator wants to give up
would hold up his finger and get down on one knee
--> if the person decides for him to die he pulls himself onto the enemy sword --> given a burial
136
summa rudis, secunda rudis
ref and linesman
137
retiarius
Has a net with lead weights all around so he can throw them, TRIDENT
Leather belt that he’s basically sewn into
Left arm → uses trident (right arm for net) → forward when he’s fighting → has protection
138
manica
padding wrapped around the arm for protection in gladiator fights
139
thracian
big helmet with big CREST
entire head is covered
little shielf (PARMA), short curved sword (SICA), leg protection (OCREA)
140
samnite
2 FEATHERS on helmet
big legionary shield
141
hoplomachus
chainmail, heavily armored
stubby sword
bigger shield
142
murmillo
gallic gladiator
nothing on legs or face, short sword, oval shield, round helmet
143
who set up the first "race course"
romulus (myth)
144
the circus
one of the oldest buldings in rome
long racetrack for chariot racing
3 levels
145
ovid
wrote a poem about how to pick up women at the circus
146
carceres (circus)
starting gates
147
pulvinar (circus)
emperor's box
148
venantiones (circus)
wild beast hunts
149
spina(circus)
spine in the middle of the track
150
metae(circus)
turning points
151
obelisks
constantanius II, augustus, gauis
152
levels of circus
IMA CAVEA
MEDIA CAVEA
SUMMA CAVEA
SUMMA CAVEA IN LIGNEIS
153
factiones (circus)
chariot racing teams
blue, green, red, white
eventually the blues and greens bought out red and white
154
single/double/triple chariot entries
single = 4 chariots
double = 8
triple = 12
155
biga/quadriga chariots
big = 2 horse chariot
quadriga = 4 horse chariot
156
rules of chariot racing
7 laps
start at the same time
prevent opponents from finishing
157
dolphins and eggs (chariot racing)
7 of each, eggs get taken away, dolphins get tipped down
keep track of laps
158
auriga
charioteer
159
falx
sickle for charioteers to cut the reigns on the horse --> so you don't get dragged if you fall
160
what would winners of a chariot race receive
laurel crown and a palm branch
161
pater familias
father of the family
162
partia potestas
"fatherly power" that extends to everyone in the family
basically he controls everyone until he dies
163
roman elementary school
led by LITTERATOR/MAGISTER (teacher) --> would teach kids in private
start at age 7, for both boys and girls
moral and civil education taught by father
164
roman high school
led by GRAMMATICUS
for boys age 10-12 of a better social class
165
roman university
all about literature and grammar --> prepared boys to be lawyers
166
reputable public roles for women
- priestess
- business owner
- dry-cleaners
167
unreputable roles for women
- actresses
- gladiators
- prostitutes
168
how could a woman be free of patria potestas
if a married woman had 3 children
4 children for freedwomen
169
sine manu
normal marriage for the empire
status/property for woman remain unchanged, remains under the patria potestas of her father
170
in manu
patria potestas is passed onto the woman's hudband and she has the same legal status as the children
171
contubernium
marriage between 2 slaves or a slave and a free person
172
affectatio maritalis
marriage affection --> the living together of a man and woman with the intention of forming a living union between both parties
has to last all the way through marriage
173
how would you get divroced
say " I no longer have affectatio maritalis for you" with a third part present
write a letter
174
where would marriage generally take place
bride's father's house
175
repudium
unilateral divorce
176
pompeii style sword
form follows function --> very simple
177
sharp sword
likely to get caught in bone
didn't need much protection near the hand
178
cavalry swords
longer, heavier, eventually adopted as infantry swords
179
mustaceum
wedding cake at ceremony
made of must --> kind of grape juice
180
deductio in domum mariti
bride is escorted to the groom's home
--> led by a number of young boys with torches and usually only close family comes with
-->When the bride comes to the groom’s house, she ties up the posts with wooden bands and anoints them with hold
--> Groom carries her over the threshold → if she trips over then it’s a bad omen
181
univirae
women who have only been married once
--> will teach a new bride about the birds and the bees and then throw her to the wolves (wolf)
182
epithamium
poem that compares the bride and groom to all the great heroes in greco-roman mythology
183
sextratum iunctio
the "joining of the right hands" depicted in many mosaics
184
palladium
religious symbol given to trojans by athena
carried out of troy by aeneas and his father
185
where does aeneas go after he escapes troy
goes and meets King Latinus, defeats his enemies and marries his daughter
then founded and named a city after his wife
186
ascanius
son of aeneas
founded a city --> alba longa
becomes ancestor of a series of 14 kings
187
numitor and amulius
numitor good! amulius bad :(
188
pomerium
inside of city limits
sacred boundary hat protects the city --> get 2 white oxen and plow the boundary all the way across
189
latium
area around rome
wide open space, no mountains
190
why was Rome founded where it was
- defensible
- lots of volcanic soil/water --> good for agriculture
- Tiber provides excellent means of transportation
- lots of trade
- lots of natural resources (ex. salt)
191
curia
central meeting hall (like city hall)
where elders meet to make decisions
192
Rape of the Sabine women
basically invited sabines to party, stole all the women, drove out the men
--> Sabines plot to get their women back but the romans are ready
ended up trucing
193
servius tullius
6th regal king
originally a slave, but the 5th king's wife liked him better than any of her own kids
got married to their first child so that he will succeed
194
succession of the plebs
all the plebians leave Rome in a strike and went to a sacred mountain --> had to negotiate for them to come back
conditions:
- free al plebians from debt
- set up guardians for the plebians
now have the same rights !!
195
battle of lake regillus
the battle is at a stalemate and both romand the latin league lost so much
decide to just make an alliance
196
connubium
the right of legal marriage
can only marry people from your state or from an allied city/territory
197
commercium
"free trade" --> allows people to participate in commercial trade for free
provides legal protection
198
migratio
right to become citizen of a foreign territory just by moving and living there
199
capitoline temple
build to dedicate jupiter, juno, and minerva
200
what came out of the alliance between rome and the latin league
1. eternal peace
2. military cooperation against third party aggressors
3. shared spoils from military endeavours
4. legal force for the common rights of the latini:
- conubium, commercium, migratio
201
3 levels of citizenship
CIVITAS OPTIMO IURE : full citizenship
CIVITAS SINE SUFFERAGIO: citizenship without the vote
CIVITATES FOEDERATAE: just allies not citizens
--> allowed connubium and commercium with rome but not one another
202
