Clade Chromalveolata

Question 1

Clade *Chromalveolata

Answer 1

divides into -Alveolates & -Stramenopiles

referred to as secondary symbiosis

Question 2

secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 2

ingested in food vacuoles of heterotrophic Eukaryotes and became endosymbionts themselves

Question 3

-Alveolates

Answer 3

bioluminescent
alveoli- small membrane-bound sacs located beneath the plasma membrane
three sub-groups: _dinoflagellata, _apicomplexa, & _ciliate

Question 4

_dinoflagellata

Answer 4

found in marine waters
paired flagella lying in grooves in their cell walls
dino=spin
cell wall: armor-like plates of cellulose
primary productivity of the ocean
cause red tide

Question 5

_apicomplexa

Answer 5

entirely parasitic

non-motile as adults

Question 6

_ciliates

Answer 6

move and eat by means of cilia
large macronucleus and one to several micronucleus
result of conjugation

Question 7

-Stramenopiles

Answer 7

autotrophs & heterotrophs
include some of the most important photosynthetic organisms
two flagella: one hairy/one smooth
sub-groups: _diatoms, _golden algae, _brown algae

Question 8

conjugation

Answer 8

a sexual process in which two individu- als exchange haploid micronuclei but do not reproduce

Question 9

_diatoms

Answer 9

fresh & salt water
account for a large proportion of the photosynthesis
possess chl a, b, & carotenoids (combined give golden color)
contribute vast amounts of atmospheric oxygen
silica shell or two-valved tests
tests form deposits on sea floor which are used in filtering and abrasive products

Question 10

_gold algae

Answer 10

color results from their yellow & brown carotenoids
biflagellated
fresh water and marine plankton
all photosynthetic but some are mixotrophic

Question 11

_brown algae

Answer 11

seaweeds
chl a, c, and fucoxanthin: brown accessory pigment
cell walls: cellulose and algin

Question 12

Alteration of generation

Answer 12

the alteration of multicellular haploid and diploid forms. The diploid individual is called the sporophyte because it produces spores. The spores are haploid and move by means of flagella; they are called zoospores. The zoospores develop into haploid, multicellular male and female gametophytes, which produce gametes. The union of two gametes (ertilization, or syngamy)
results in a diploid zygote, which matures and gives rise to a new multicellular sporophyte.

Question 13

ex: plasmodium vivax

Answer 13

fr _apicomplexa

• responsible for malaria
• vector: female mosquito
• lives inside red blood cells

Question 14

ex: vorticella

Answer 14

fr _ciliates

• ciliated cup
• beating of cilia cause vortex

Question 15

ex: macrocystis

Answer 15

fr _brown algae

• tissue level of organization
• stipe: stem
• blade: leaf-like structure, primary site of photosynthesis
• float: swollen, gas filled structure that holds blade near the ocean surface
• holdfast: serves to anchor alga and superficially resembles a root