Clade Excavata Flashcards
*Clade Excavata
“excavated” groove on one side of the cell body
species are parasitic, predatory, or photosynthetic
diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans
-Diplomonads
Fr Clade *Excavata lack plastids have modified mitochondria obligate anaerobes two equal size nuclei multiple flagella many are parasites
-Parabasalids
Fr Clade *Excavata
“basalids”-below
reduced mitochondria
multiple flagella
-Euglenozoa
Fr Clade *Excavata
Divided into _euglenids & _kinetoplastids
autotrophic, heterotrophic or mixotrophic
spiral or crystalline rod structure in their flagella
_kinetoplastid
Fr -Euglenozoa
single large mitochondrion that contains kinetoplast
^organized mass of DNA
symbiotic or pathogenic
_euglenid
Fr -Euglenozoa
extending out of groove are one or two flagella
Protists
Eukaryotes most are unicellular possess membrane-bound organelles small compared to prokaryotes Clades: Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archeaplastida, Unikonta
What gave rise to the diversity of protists?
Endosymbiosis: process in which certain unicellular organisms engulf other cells, which become endosymbionts & ultimately the organelles host cell.
Mixotrophic
capable of photosynthesis and ingestion
Phototaxic
moves toward lights & photosynthetic
ex: Giardia (intestinal parasites)
fr -diplomonads 2 haploid nuclei mitochondria- smal/absent lack plastids obligate anaerobes
ex: Trychonympha
fr -parabasalids -beneficial endosymbiont -mutualistic relationship w/ termites b/c they possess enzymes that digest cellulose (wood) -spirochete (cork-screw shaped)
ex: Trypanosoma
fr _kinetoplastid
- small flagellate
- vector: Tse-Tse fly
- parasite
- small, dark purple, wavy line
- live among human red blood cells
ex: Euglena
fr _euglenid
- small, blue/green, slender
- phototaxic
- photosynthetic pigments: chl a, b, & carotenoids
- lose chloroplast when facultative heterotrophs
