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MSAK-1 > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

study of structures and their relationships to each other; revealed by dissection

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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of Anatomy?`

A
  • Surface: through the surface of the skin
  • Gross-observed microscopically via the naked eye
  • Systemic: dividing into systems
  • Regional: dividing into regions
  • Radiographic: x ray, mri, etc.
  • Developmental: process of human development
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3
Q

If the body is face down it is in the _____ position

A

prone

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4
Q

if the body is laying face up it is in the _______ position

A

supine

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5
Q

What is another word for midline?

A

axis

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6
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides

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7
Q

What is the midsagittal plane?

A

divides the body or structure into equal left and right sides

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8
Q

What is the parasagittal plane?

A

divides the body or structure into unequal right and left sides

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9
Q

What is the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?

A

Divides into anterior and posterior

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10
Q

What is the transverse plane? What is it also known as?

A

divides into superior vs inferior

cross sectional, horizontal plane

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11
Q

What is the oblique plane?

A

angled

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12
Q

define cephalad

A

toward head

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13
Q

Define caudal

A

away from head, towards tail

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14
Q

External

A

outside

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15
Q

internal

A

inside

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16
Q

define bilateral

A

equal on both sides

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17
Q

unilateral

A

one side

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18
Q

In what plane does flexion and extension happen in

A

sagittal plane

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19
Q

what plane does abduction and adduction happen in?

A

frontal plane

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20
Q

What makes up the skeletal system?

A

bones and joints

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21
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?

A

skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, ear ossicles

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22
Q

How many bones make up the axial skeleton

A

80

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23
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton

A

upper limbs: humerous, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal, phalnges

lower limbs: femur, tiba, fibula, patella, taral, metatarsal, phalnges

pelvic (r+l hop bones)

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24
Q

How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton

A

126

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25
What are the 5 basic types of bone?
long: greater length than width short: almost cube-shaped flat: thin sesamoid: develops in tendons sutural: small bones located in suture of skull
26
What are the functions of bones?
- supporting and protecting soft tissues - attachment site for muscles making movement possible - storage of minerals, calcium, and phosphate - blood cell production in red bone marrow (hemopoiesis)
27
What is skeletal muscle tissue?
primarily attached to bone, skin or fascia - voluntary contraction and relation - sometimes involuntariy ie. shivering
28
What is cardiac muscle tissue?
forms the walls of the heart, involuntary
29
What is the smooth (visceral) muscle tissue?
located in viscera
30
What are the functions of skeletal muscle tissue?
- producing body movements - stabilizing body positions - movement of substances within body cavity - producing heat
31
What types of nerves supply skeletal muscle?
motor and sensory
32
What are the functions of cardiac muscle?
- regulating organ volumes | - movement of substances in the body
33
what are the functions of visceral muscle?
- regulating organ volumes | - movement of substances within body
34
What are sphincters?
bands of smooth muscle
35
Define origin
point attached to bone or muscle, USUALLY isnt moved by contraction of muscle
36
Define insertion
point attached to skin, bone, or muscle. Attaches to structure that does move
37
What is the belly of a muscle?
fleshy portion of muscle between attachment sites
38
What is muscle tone?
involuntary contraction of small number of muscle fibres (alter. active and inactive, shifting pattern) keeps muscle firm when relaxed does not produce movement essential for maintaining posture helps maintain blood pressure
39
Rectus
parallel to midline
40
Transverse
perpendicular to midline
41
oblique
diagonal to midline
42
maximus
largest
43
minimus
smallest
44
longus
long
45
brevis
short
46
latissimus
widest
47
longissimus
longest
48
mangus
large
49
major
larger
50
minor
smaller
51
vastus
huge
52
deltoid
triangular
53
trapezius
trapeziod
54
serratus
saw toothed
55
rhomboid
diamond shape
56
orbicularis
circular
57
pectinate
comb-like
58
piriformis
pear shaped
59
platys
flat
60
quadratus
square, four sided
61
gracillis
slender
62
flexor
decreases joint angle
63
extensor
increases joint angle
64
abductor
moves bone away from midline
65
adductor
moves bone closer to midline
66
levator
raises/elevates
67
depressor
lowers/depresses
68
supinator
turns palm anteriorly
69
pronator
turns palm posteriorly
70
sphincter
decreases size of an opening
71
tesnor
makes body part rigid
72
rotator
rotates bone around longitudinal axis
73
biceps
2 origins
74
triceps
3 origins
75
quadriceps
4 origins
76
Tendon
cord of dense connective tissue that attaches a muscle to the bone or other muscle
77
aponeurosis
a tendon that extends as a broad, flat layer
78
ligament
short band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone
79
tendon sheath
tube like structure made by connective tissue wraps around tendons at wrist or ankle
80
superficial fascia
loose connective tissue and fat underlying the skin contains superficial veins and sensory nerves
81
deep fascia
dense irregular connective tissue under superficial fascia that wraps body well defined in limbs
82
What is a nerve?
enclosed cable like bundle of dendrites or axons
83
What are sensory nerves?
receive sensory stimuli
84
what are motor nerves?
allows brain to stimulate muscle contraction exclusively contains axons of neurons that innervate skeletal muscle or glands
85
What are spinal nerves? How many pairs?
31 pairs mixed sensory and motor nerves that come out of spinal cord innervates most skeletal muscle
86
What are cranial nerves? How many pairs?
12 pairs emerge directly from the brain contain sensory and motor nerve fibres and innervate different regions
87
What are the important nerves to remember for the quiz
Cranial nerve V: Trigeminal nerve and mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Cranial nerve VII: facial nerve Cranial nerve XII: hypoglossal

MSAK-1 (19 decks)

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