Class 1/2 - Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

• synthesis of vitamin D
• temperature regulation
• protection from external environment
• sensation perception
• blood reservoir
• excretion + absorption

Question 2

What percentage of total blood volume is stored in the integumentary system?

Answer 2

8-10%

Question 3

What percentage of total body weight is the skin?

Answer 3

7%

Question 4

What four types of cells make up the epidermis?

Answer 4

keratinocytes
melanocytes
intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans)
tactile epithelial cells (Merkel)

Question 5

What percentage of epidermal cells are keratinocytes?

Answer 5

90%

Question 6

Which cell of the epidermis produces lamellar granules?

Answer 6

keratinocytes

Question 7

Thin skin has _ layers, thick skin has _. Which is missing from thin skin?

Answer 7

4, 5

stratum lucidum

Question 8

Langerhans cells are also called ____ and come from _____.

Answer 8

Intraepidermal macrophages

from bone marrow

Question 9

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

Answer 9

recognize invading organisms (immune response)

Question 10

What is the function of Merkel/tactile epithelial cells?

Answer 10

detect touch sensations and relay that information to flattened processes of sensory neurons in the deepest layer of the epidermis

Question 11

Compare and contrast thick vs. thin skin?

Answer 11

thick skin

• hairless
• regions of high mechanical stress
• 5 epidermal layers
• stratum lucidum
• dermal ridges present
• no sebaceous glands
• more sudoriferous glands

thin skin

• hairy
• occurs in most regions of the body
• 4 epidermal layers
• no stratum lucidum
• no dermal ridges
• fewer sudoriferous glands

Question 12

In what order of areas does sweating start for thermoregulation, vs. for emotional sweating?

Answer 12

thermoregulatory:

1. forehead and scalp
2. rest of body
3. palms and soles

emotional:

1. palms, soles, axilla
2. other areas of the body

Question 13

Where are appocrine sweat glands found?

Answer 13

axilla, groin, areola, bearded regions

Question 14

Describe the consistency of appocrine gland sweat

Answer 14

contains lipids and proteins, appears milky/yellowish, creates BO

Question 15

Hair follicles are found in which layer of the dermis?

Answer 15

reticular

Question 16

The stratum basale is composed of…

Answer 16

a single row of keratinocytes
stem cells
melanocytes
Merkel cells

Question 17

Which layer of the epidermis is transitional between active and dead keratinocytes?

Answer 17

stratum granulosum

Question 18

What creates fingerprints?

Answer 18

downward projections of the epidermis between dermal papillae

Question 19

The growth stage of the hair cycle is called…

Answer 19

anagen

Question 20

The resting stage of the hair cycle is called…

Answer 20

telogen

Question 21

List the places sebaceous glands are NOT associated with a hair follicle

Answer 21

lips, eyelids, glans penis, labia minora

Question 22

What part(s) of the body do not have sebaceous glands?

Answer 22

palms, soles

Question 23

Eccrine glands are most numerous in…

Answer 23

the forehead, palms, and soles

Question 24

Deep wound healing involves 4 phases, which are…

Answer 24

inflammatory
migratory
proliferative, and
maturation

Question 25

The ABCD of melanoma exams (moles) are...

Answer 25

a - asymmetry b - border irregularity c - colour d - diameter

Question 26

Which layer of the skin are langerhans cells found?

Answer 26

stratum spinosum of the epidermis

Question 27

Mammary glands are specialized...

Answer 27

apocrine (sweat) glands

Question 28

What are the 3 main types of skin cancer?

Answer 28

basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma malignant melanoma

Question 29

Who is at highest risk of malignant melanomas?

Answer 29

people who are fair skinned, burn easily, don't tan, have freckles and red hair

Question 30

Three things that fingerprints enable the increase of:

Answer 30

1. surface area/friction 2. number of tactile receptors 3. contact with blood vessels

Question 31

Where is carotene stored?

Answer 31

stratum corneum + fat cells

Question 32

Nails grow from the...

Answer 32

matrix

Question 33

Which layer of the skin has 25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes?

Answer 33

stratum corneum

Question 34

Which layer of the skin is transitional between active and dead keratinocytes?

Answer 34

stratum granulosum

Question 35

Which layer of the skin houses the Langerhans cells?

Answer 35

stratum spinosum

Question 36

Which layer of the skin is composed of a single layer of keratinocytes and contains stem cells?

Answer 36

stratum basale/germinativum

Question 37

What is found in the papillary layer of the dermis?

Answer 37

blood vessels, Meissner's corpuscles, free nerve endings

Question 38

What is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?

Answer 38

collagen fibres, coarse elastic fibres fibroblasts, adipose cells hair follicles, nerves, glands

Question 39

At any given time, most hairs on your head are in which stage?

Answer 39

anagen

Question 40

Eccrine sweat glands are active in ____

Answer 40

thermoregulation

Question 41

Eccrine sweat glands are NOT found in...

Answer 41

lips, nail beds, glans penis/clitoris, labia minora, or the tympanic membrane