Class 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Adolescence
A
Period between juvenile and adulthood
Fertility is attained
2
Q
Sex hormones ____ lymphoid tissue
A
Shrinks
3
Q
Endochondral growth and sex hormones
A
Stimulate cartilage growth
And an even greater increase in transformation of cartilage to bone
4
Q
Female growth spurt
A
1.5 to 2 years earlier in females than males
5
Q
Female growth spurt begins around
A
10
Ends 3 years later
6
Q
Male growth spurt begins
A
Begins 12.5
Ends up to 5 years later
7
Q
Male grows bigger because
A
Slower to start and longer
8
Q
Chronologic age is
A
No indication of where an individual is developmentally
9
Q
Growth height correlates with
A
Jaw growth
10
Q
Females growth spurt ends with
A
Menarche
11
Q
Cervical Verterbeal Maturation Stage
A
vertebra become more rectangular
12
Q
Serial Radiographs
A
Superimposition to monitor growth
13
Q
Mandibular growth reflects….
A
General growth curve
14
Q
Maxillary growth most resembles
A
Neural growth curve
15
Q
Facial growth is _____growth
A
Differential
16
Q
Differential jaw growth
A
Mandible goes more and longer
Mandible more prominent
Profile becomes less convex
17
Q
Width stops before ______ before ______
A
Length
Height
18
Q
Width stops before
A
Growth spurt except alveolar arches widen in the area of molar eruption
19
Q
Length and height increase through
A
Puberty
20
Q
Height of face grows longer than
A
Length dues to vertical growth of mandible
21
Q
Leeway space
A
Difference in mesial distal width between primary canines/molars and permanent canine/premolars
22
Q
Permanent molars move
A
Into leeway space
23
Q
If anterior crowding is present send to orthodontist before
A
Primary 2nd molars exfoliate
24
Q
E-space
A
Difference in mesial distal width between primary 2nd molars and permanent 2nd premolars
25
Primary molar occlusion
Mesial step
Flush
Distal step
26
Mesial step usually becomes
Class I
27
Flush terminal and still step usually become
Class II
28
Late Mesial shift
Mandibular molars greater movement
29
Prevalence of Class II _____ with age
Decreases
30
Permanent incisors lie _____ to primary incisors
Lingual
31
Permanent incisors are _______ wider than primary
2-3.5 mm
32
Eruption of lateral incisors force mandibular canines
distally into primate space
33
Permanent maxillary incisors erupt
Labial
34
Developmental spaces
Spaces between incisors
35
Primate spaces
Spaces between canines
Mesial of maxillary canine
Distal of mandibular canine
36
Canine erupt
Buccally
37
Incisor replacement 4 things
Spacing
Labial eruption
Increase in arch
Distal repositioning
38
Central diastema closes with
Eruption of lateral incisors
If not will close with canines
39
The mandible grows
Downward and forward
40
The mandible ______ and ______ via _____ and ____
Grows and envelopes translation and remodeling
41
Three dimensional Imaging
CAT Scans
Cone Beam CT
MRI
42
Interestitial
Insides the tissues
Growth that occurs by a combination of hyperplasia hypertorphy and secretion of ECM
43
Interstitial growth occurs at
All points within the tissue
44
Cranial base is a form of ___growth
Interstitial
45
Hyperplasia
Proliferation cells
46
Hypertorphy
Increase in cell siE
47
If ECM is not mineralized
Interstitial growth may continue in soft tissues and cartilages
48
Appositional Growth
Growth that occurs by a combination of hyperplasia hypertorphy and secretion of ECM
Occurs ONLY at the surface of bones
49
Appositional growth occurs though activity of
Cells in the periosteum
50
Cranial vault, maxilla, and mandible examples of ____growth
Appositional
51
______ can grow interstitially but _____ cant
Cartilage
Bone
52
Once cartilage is transformed into bone it cones to grow but only by
apposition
53
Endochondral bone
Bone within cartilage
Ossification centers within cartilage
54
Chondrocranium
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Basioociptal bones
55
Chondocranium and epiphyseal plate _______ growth
Endochondral ossification
56
Intramembranous
Secretion of bone matrix within and between connective tissue
57
______ no intermediate formation of cartilage or replacement of cartilage
Intramembranous
58
Desmocranium
Cranial vault maxilla and mandible
59
Desmocranium _____ ossification
Intramembranous
60
The mandible forms by intramembranous bone formation just lateral to ______
Meckels cartilage
61
Remanent of meckels cartilage
Sphenomandibular ligament
62
Condylar cartilage
Does not form from meckels cartilage
Develops from independent secondary cartilage fuses with mandibular Ramus
63
Surface Modeling
Change in shape of bones
The result of bone in one area and bone addition in another
64
_____ occurs at the surface of growing endochondral and intramembranous bones
Surface modeling
65
Internal Remdoleing
Vascular channels within bones bring osteocytes to the area
Allows the bone to adapt to mechanical stress
66
_________ does not age bone grow or change shape
Internal remodeling
67
Internal remodeling allows
Exchange of calcium and phosphate
Adapt to mechanical stress
68
Cranial Vault
Flat bone formed from intramembranous formation a from ossification centers
No cartilaginous precursors
Predictable activity results in bone modeling both at sutures and at inner and outer surfaces
69
2 types of growth at cranial vault
Intramembranous
Bone remodeling
70
Cranial sutures and Fontanelles lined by
Periosteum
71
Bones of the base of the skull formed by
Endochondral ossification
72
Synchondroses of the cranial base
Cartilaginous joints between the bones of the cranial base
Immovable joints
73
Most important synchondrosis
Spheno-ethmoidal, inter-sphenoidal, spheno-occipital
74
_____ growth occurs within synchondroses
Endochondral
75
Growth at synchondroses ______ the area of the ______
Lengthens
Cranial base
76
Suture
Junction between adjacent bone
Connective tissue**
Appositional ossification
77
The nasomaxillary complex is formed by____ and growth is done by
Intramembranous ossification with no cartilaginous precursors
Appositional and surface modeling
78
Translation of maxilla
Downward and forward until 6-7
79
Translation of maxilla is due to
Growth of nasal cartilage
80
Maxilla surface remodeling occurs
Anterior is resorbed
Appositional of bone occurs at the maxillary tuberosity
81
The palate moves _______ and widens _______ because bone is resorbed in the floor of the_____ and apposition occurs at ____
Downward
Widens transversely
Nose
Palate alveolar process
82
What part of the mandible grows by endochondral growth
The condyle
83
Body of the mandible grows
Longer
84
Ramus of the mandible grows
Higher
85
Site of growths
A location at which growth occurs
86
Center of growth
A location at which independent growth occurs
87
All centers of growth are also
Growth sites but the reverse is not true
88
Suture theory
All tissues that form bone have intrinsic potential to do so
Growth centers are locations of genetically controlled growth independent from environment
INclused sutures periosteum synchondroses and mandibular condyles
89
Suture theory evidence
Does NOT support this theory
90
Sutures and periosteum ARE _______
Sutures ____ rather than acting independently
Growth sites
React
91
Cartilage theory
All cartilage are growth centers
92
Cartilage theory evidence
PARTLY supports this theory
Transplanter cartilage from synchondroses and nasal septum is capable of growth
Transplanted cartilage from mandibular condyles shows significantly less growth
Synchondroses and nasal septum act as growth centers but condyles don’t
93
Functional Matrix theory
Heredity and genes play NO role in growth of craniofacial skeleton
Growth of the face occurs in response to functional needs mediated by soft tissues in which the bones are embedded
All tissues that form bone are merely growth sites
94
Functional Matrix theory: Mandibular Ankylosis
Occurs as a result of infection or trauma in TMJ area
Mechanical restriction due to scarring prevents growth of mandible
95
Functional Matrix Theory: clinical application
Rapid maxillary expansions
Distraction osteogenesis
96
Function matrix theory Evidence
Partial veracity
It is not clear how functional needs are transmitted
Genes have been shown to be involved
97
Growth of cranium is a response to
Growth of brain
Sutures +periosteum = growth sites
98
Growth of cranial base is a result of
Of endochonral growth at synchondroses
Growth centers
99
Growth of the maxilla is primarily a result of
Apposition and model oaks the bone is translated by soft tissues
Sutures + periosteum = growth sites
100
Growth of maxilla may result from endochondral growth at
Nasal septum cartilage
101
Growth of the mandible occurs by
Endochondral growth at condyle and surface modeling as the bone is translated by soft tissues
Condyle + periosteum = growth sites
