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Ortho Part A > Class 4 > Flashcards

Class 4 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Major clinical problems of maxillary growth

A

Maxillary hypoplasia (class III)

maxillary prognathism (Class II)

Transverse deficiency

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2
Q

Restraining maxillary growth force magnitude

A

500-1000 g distributed over large bone areas and number of teeth

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3
Q

Restraining maxillary growth force duration

A

12-16 hours a day

Different from 6 hours for teeth movement

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4
Q

Restraining maxillary growth force frequency

A

Intermittent not continuous

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5
Q

Maxillary protraction face mask and reverse pull headgear

A

Intraoral components anchored on maxillary molars

6-8 months before 11 years old

3 mm of skeletal movement

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6
Q

Transverse Deficiency Palatal Expansion

A

Transverse maxillary deficiency targeting palatal suture

Seen in patients with Cl III Cl II with long problem

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7
Q

Rapid palatal expansion

A

1mm/day mostly for adolescents patients usually the entire course takes 2-3 weeks

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8
Q

Slow palatal expansion

A

1 mm/week may be used for late adolescent and young adult

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9
Q

_______ fo the mid palatal suture increases with age which increase the difficulty of suture expansion

A

Interdigitation

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10
Q

In adults the suture is either _____ or highly_______. Palatal expansion would produce mostly ______

A

Fused

Interdigitated

Dental movement

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11
Q

The mandible grows mainly

A

At the condyles-endochondral formation

And posterior and lateral surfaces -intramembranous formation

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12
Q

Functional appliances can _____ growth but may not ______

A

May accelerate growth

Increase final size

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13
Q

Unwanted dental effects of functional appliances

A

Lower incisor proclamation and upper incisor retroclination

May help reduce overjet though

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14
Q

Restraining mandibular growth chin cup headgear

A

Rarely used

Reducers mandibular protrusion by increasing face height

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15
Q

Widening the mandible

A

Symphysis

Can expand the dentoalveolus but not the basal bone

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16
Q

To expand the mandibular basal bone

A

Requires a surgical procedure—distraction osteogenesis

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17
Q

Distraction Osteogeneis

A

A surgically and mechanically induced bone regeneration process.

Osteotomy—bone fragments opened gradually

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18
Q

4 Sequential phases of DO

A

Latency
Distraction
Consolidation
Remodeling

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19
Q

Latency

A

The interval between osteotomy operation and then tart of distraction

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20
Q

Distraction

A

The period that distractor activation takes place

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21
Q

Consolidation

Study These Flashcards
A

The post distraction period to allow for new bone formation

22
Q

Remodeling

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A

The period that the regenerated bone continues to remodel

23
Q

Constituents of PDL

Study These Flashcards
A

Mainly parallel collagenous fibers

Cells: fibroblasts osteoblasts mesenchymal stem cells and cells from the vascular structures

Blood vessel and nerve endings

Tissue fluids

24
Q

The PDL is adapted to resist

Study These Flashcards
A

Short duration forces

25
Prolonged forces to PDL induce
Remodeling of the PDL and adjacent bone
26
Force as low as ___ can induce tooth movement
2 gm
27
What is the main cell needed for tooth movement
Fibroblasts
28
______ is required for tooth movement beyond the PDL space
Bone resorption
29
What cells are required for bone resorption
Osteoclasts
30
What cells are normally and not normally in PDL
Fibroblasts present Osteoclasts nope
31
Osteoclasts recruited from
Bone marrow and blood vessel
32
Bioelectric Theory
Bony changes caused by electric signals 1) Force induces piezoelectric signals 2) Bioelectric potential changes cell activity
33
Pressure Tension Theory
Bony changes caused by chemical signals 1) Pressure and tension alter blood flow 2) Formation and release of chemical messengers 3) chemical messengers change cell activities
34
Response to sustained light pressure: 1-2 seconds
Tooth displacement within PDL space
35
Response to sustained light pressure: 3-5 Seconds
Blood flow changes
36
Response to sustained light pressure: Minutes
Oxygen tension at compression side decreases —> prostaglandins and cytokines release
37
Response to sustained light pressure: hours
Chemical messengers cause metabolic change; second messengers release —> Osteoclasts recruitment FROM BLOOD, maturation and activation—> front bone resorption
38
Response to sustained light pressure: 2 days
Tooth movement beyond PDL space
39
Response to sustained heavy pressure: 1-2 seconds
Tooth displacement within PDL space
40
Response to sustained heavy pressure: 3-5 seconds
Blood vessels occluded on the pressure side
41
Response to sustained heavy pressure: Mintues
Blood flow cut off to compressed PDL
42
Response to sustained heavy pressure: HourS
Cell death in compressed area
43
Response to sustained heavy pressure: 3-5 days
Osteoclast recruitment FROM BONE MARROW inside alveolar bone maturation and activation —> undermining bone resorption
44
Response to sustained heavy pressure: 7-14 days
Tooth movement beyond PDL space
45
In response to heavy pressure osteoclasts were recruited from
Bone marrow, the opposite side of the PDL—> undermining resorption
46
The effect of force duration
Sustained force is required -continuous force is not absolutely euiqred 4 hours per day 4-8 hours best clinical
47
The compression area is larger during _____ than _____—> greater force is needed to produce the same pressure
Translation Tipping
48
Drugs that inhibit orthodontic movement
Bisphosponates NSAID, Corticosteroids, prostaglandin inhibitor
49
Methods to accelerate tooth movement
Corticotomy Vibration, phototherapy, ultrasound Regional accelerated phenomen
50
Differential space closure
Anchorage control using different achnorage values Using light force is important for this strategy
51
Stationary anchorage control
Only allow bodily movement of the molars which require stronger pressure
52
TADs
Temporary anchorage devices used to prevent unwanted tooth movement

Ortho Part A (5 decks)

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