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Operative I > Class 1- Principles of Operative Dentistry > Flashcards

Class 1- Principles of Operative Dentistry Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

define operative dentistry

A

treatment of disease/defects of hard tissues of teeth that do not require full coverage restorations

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2
Q

what does operative dentistry restore

A

form, function and esthetics

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3
Q

describe enamel

A

hard, strong, and brittle

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4
Q

what percentage does hydroxyapatite make up of enamel

A

90-92%

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5
Q

how do diameter of enamel rods vary

A

larger near surface, smaller near dentin borders

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6
Q

what is the orientation of enamel rods

A

perpendicular to long axis

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7
Q

decsribe enamel tufts

A

-hypomineralized
-extend into enamel

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8
Q

describe enamel lamellae

A

-thin faults between enamel rod groups

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9
Q

what are enamel spindles

A

odontoblastic process crossed into enamel

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10
Q

describe the DEJ

A

hypomineralized zone where dentin meets enamel

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11
Q

where does enamel become more soluble

A

closer to the DEJ

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12
Q

what does fluoride do to acid solutbility

A

lowers it

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13
Q

what is the largest portion of the tooth

A

dentin

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14
Q

what forms the walls of pulp chamber

A

dentin

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15
Q

when is dentin formed

A

immediately prior to enamel

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16
Q

how long does dentin formation continue

A

throughout the life of the pulp

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17
Q

what is between dentin tubules

A

intertubular denin

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18
Q

where is the diameter of tubules the largest

A

at the pulp

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19
Q

where is the number of dentin tubules the largest

A

at pulp

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20
Q

what is reparative dentin formed by and in response to what

A

formed by secondary odontoblasts at the end of tubules at surface of pulp in response to moderate irritant

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21
Q

what is sclerotic dentin

A

primary dentin that has changed, peritubular dentin widens and fills with calcified material

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22
Q

how does the hardness of dentin compare to enamel

A

hardness is 1/5 of enamel

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23
Q

where is dentin harder

A

near DEJ compared to pulp

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24
Q

what percent hydroxyapatite is dentin

A

50%

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25
what causes dentinal sensitivity
fluid movement in tubules
26
explain the hydrodynamic theory of pain transmission
-odontoblastic process wrapped in nerves and fluid in dentinal tubules - enamel/cementum removed during preparation - seal is lost causing small fluid movements in tubules and distortion in nerve endings -> pain
27
when is the smear layer created and what does it do
created when tooth is cut/prepared - plugs dental tubules
28
what does the color of enamel depend on and when does it become temporarily whiter
depends on underlying dentin and becomes temporarily whiter when dehydrated
29
what is the color of enamel? dentin?
-enamel-gray -dentin- yellow white
30
how often is cementum formed
continually
31
define contour
curve or shape of something
32
define proximal contact
where two adjacent teeth contact
33
define embrasures
an opening with sides flaring outward, V-shaped valleys between adjacent teeth
34
what are the objectives of tooth preparation
- resistance form, retention form, convenience form - remove defects -provide necessary protection to pulp -extend restoration as conservatively as possible -resist fracture when chewing - restore esthetics and function
35
what are prep walls designed to do
retain restoration and resist fracture
36
what are the goals of preparation
-remove remaining caries or old restorative material -protect pulp -minimize fracture, maximize retention -finish walls and margins - final cleaning, inspection, sealing prep
37
what factors should be considered in operative dentistry
-esthetics -economics -medical condition -age -caries risk
38
what factors should be considered in dental anatomy
-enamel rod orientation -thickness of enamel and dentin - size and location of pulp -relationship of tooth to periodontium
39
what are residual caries
caries left by operator
40
when would it be acceptable to leave residual caries
to avoid pulp exposure when left as affected dentin near the pulp
41
describe acute caries vs chronic caries
acute: or rampant, light color, appears dull and mushy chronic: slow or arrested, dark color, appears shiny and solid
42
how many surfaces are involved in simple vs compound vs complex
-simple: 1 -Compound: 2 -complex: 3 or more
43
where is the axial wall located
parallel to long axis of tooth (vertical)
44
where is the pulpal wall located
perpendicular to long axis of tooth (horizontal)
45
what do pulpal and gingival floors/walls do
-provide stabilizing seats for restoration - distribute stresses in tooth
46
what is a line angle
junction of two walls/surfaces along a line
47
internal apex points ____ from observer. external apex points ____ observer
-away - towards
48
what is a point angle
joining of three surfaces
49
what is cavosurface
where prepared tooth meets unprepared tooth
50
what is enamel margin strength formed by
full length enamel rods
51
what is unsupported enamel
when enamel rods are not supported by sound dentin
52
what is a class 1
-occlusal surface of posterior teeth -can include lingual/ buccal grooves and pits
53
what is a class II
proximal surfaced of premolars and molars
54
what is a class III
proximcal surfaces of incisors and canines
55
what is a class IV
proximal and incisal edges of incisors and canines
56
what is a class V
gingival 1/3 of smooth surfaces (buccal and lingual)
57
what is a class VI
incisal edge or cusp
58
what are the stages of tooth preparation
initial stage and outline form
59
what is the initial stage
-outline form -initial depth -primary resistance form - primary retention form - convenience form
60
what is important in outline form
-undermined enamel removed - margins placed where you can finish restoration - no occlusion on margins of prep - preserve strength of cusps and marginal ridges - minimize extensions facioloingually
61
what is the outline form of a class I
- depth of pit and fissure maximum of 2 mm
62
when do you connect two preps
when they are less than 0.5 mm apart
63
what is the outline form of a class 2
-extend gingival margins apical to contact, extend interproximal margins to embrasures - axial wall depth 0.2-0.8 mm into dentin
64
what is an enameloplasty
removing shallow enamel fissure or pit
65
how much is removed in an enameloplasty
no more than 1/3 enamel thickness
66
what is resistance form
- resistant to fracture - leave dentin support -preserve cusps and marginal ridges
67
when is resistance form compromised
- when margin exceeds 2/3 distance between central grooves - when margins end 1/3 distance between central groove and cusp tip
68
what should you do to internal and external line angles and why
slightly round them for less stress concentration
69
what do flat floor prevent
movement
70
what do bevels do
-remove unsupported enamel - reduce stress concentration
71
what should margins be in amalgam
90 degrees
72
what do dovetails do
prevent tipping and proximal displacement
73
what do taller walls resist
pull of sticky foods
74
what is convergence
walls slant towards each other
75
what is involved in the final stage of tooth prep
-remove remaining infected dentin - remove remaining old restoration -pulp protection - secondary resistance and retention forms - finish external walls and margins - final cleaning, inspecting and sealing
76
describe affected dentin vs infected dentin
-affected dentin is demineralized and usually discolored but NOT soft and is ok to leave - infected dentin microorganisms are present, soft, may or may not be stained, must remove
77
what are examples of secondary retention
-retention grooves, points
78
why do you bevel for rounded axiopulpal line angle
-increase bulk of restorative material, disperse concentration of forces
79
what is 8:00 position for
-buccal side of patients UL -lingual side of patients LR
80
what is 11:00 positioning for
-buccal side of patients UP - lingual side of patients LL
81
what is 12:00 positioning for
-buccal sides of patients R and L anterior -lingual sides of patients R and L anterior

Operative I (12 decks)

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