Week 9 Instruments and Equipment

Question 1

what are examples of non cutting hand instruments

Answer 1

amalgam condensers, mirrors, explorers, probes

Question 2

what are examples of cutting hand instruments

Answer 2

excavators, chisels

Question 3

shank is angled to allow ____

Answer 3

the cutting edge of the blade to be within the projected axis of the handle
- allows force on blade without rotation

Question 4

double ended instruements are ___. single ended instruments are ____.

Answer 4

more efficient; safer.

Question 5

what are the shank angles

Answer 5

triple angle
- bin angle
- mon angle

Question 6

which of the shank angles are contra angles

Answer 6

triple angle and bin angle

Question 7

what are exampls of bi- bevels

Answer 7

chisels, ordinary hatchets

Question 8

what are examples of single bevels

Answer 8

gingival margin trimmers

Question 9

what are the two types of gingival margin trimmers

Answer 9

distal and mesial

Question 10

what is the cutting edge angle measured from

Answer 10

a line parallel to the long axis of the instrument handle in clockwise centrigrades. angle is expressed as a percent of 260 degrees
- not present all of the time

Question 11

what hands instruments do we use all the time in restorations

Answer 11

mirros
-condenser
- burnisher
- amalgam carrier
-carvers
- optrasculpt
- articulating paper holder

Question 12

what does the term bur refer to

Answer 12

all rotary cutting instruments that have bladed cutting heads

Question 13

what are burs used for

Answer 13

prepare enamel
- adjust resin restorations
-finish metal and resin restorations
- lab work
- surgical removal of bone

Question 14

what are the different bur types

Answer 14

latch type shank and friction grip shank

Question 15

what are the carbide burs for tooth prep

Answer 15

-round
- inverted cone
- pear shaped
- straight fissure
-tapered fissure

Question 16

what shape is the 330

Answer 16

pear shaped

Question 17

what shape is the 169

Answer 17

inverted cone

Question 18

what shape is 56

Answer 18

straight fissure

Question 19

what shape is the 245

Answer 19

pear shaped

Question 20

what is the arbitrary numerical code for head size and shape of burs

Answer 20

• 2: 1 mm diameter round bur
• 57: 1 mm diameter straight fissure bur
• 34: 0.8 mm diameter inverted cone bur

Question 21

describe carbide burs

Answer 21

stiffer and stronger than steels
- more brittle

Question 22

what are the diamond particle sizes

Answer 22

-coarse
-medium
fine
- finishing burs
- even more fine

Question 23

what are the types of diamond burs

Answer 23

-flat end taper
- flat end cylinder
-flame
- wheel

Question 24

describe diamond burs and their use

Answer 24

• higher hardness
  -cutting effectiveness
• used for: intracoronal and extracoronal tooth preps, bevel enamel margins, enameloplasty

Question 25

what are the parts of a handpiece

Answer 25

head shank connecting end - swivel connector

Question 26

what is in the handpiece

Answer 26

the motor not the swivel

Question 27

what is the max rpm on pneumatic handpiece and electric

Answer 27

pneumatic: 450,000 electric: 200,000

Question 28

what is the rpm on the slow speed handpiece

Answer 28

20,000-40,000

Question 29

what are the precautions for potential hazards with cutting instruments

Answer 29

-pulplal precautions: light pressure, air water sprays and sharp burs - soft tissue precautions: rubber dam, retract soft tissue

Question 30

how can we prevent hazards with cutting instruments

Answer 30

- eye precautions: safety glasses for operator, assistant and patient - inhalation precautions: rubber dam, disposable masks - ear precautions: ear plugs, sound absorbing materials used on walls and floors

Question 31

describe the modified pen grasp

Answer 31

- palm away from operator - 3rd and 4th fingers rest on nearby tooth - greatest sense of touch

Question 32

describe the inverted pen grasp

Answer 32

- palm towards operator - used mostly for tooth preparation from lingual usually on anterior teeth

Question 33

describe the palm and thumb grasp

Answer 33

- similar to holding a knife when pairing an apple - power grasp - thumb rests on a nearby tooth to operating site

Question 34

describe the modified palm and thumb grasp

Answer 34

- power plus delicacy - rest thumb on same tooth that is being prepared or the adjacent tooth

Question 35

what do dull instruments result in

Answer 35

-more pressure needed -more pain -less control -takes longer -reduces quality

Question 36

what are sharpening hand instruments

Answer 36

- stationary stones - mechanical sharpeners -handpiece sharpening stones

Question 37

what are the basic principles to sharpening hand instruments

Answer 37

-clean and sterilize instruments - position blade -use light pressure - use a rest or guide -remvove as little metal as possible -lightly hone unbeveled side -re sterilize

Question 38

what is sterilization

Answer 38

a process by which all forms of microbial life including bacteria, viruses, spores and fungi are completely destroyed

Question 39

what are the 4 acceptable methods of sterilization

Answer 39

-autoclave - dry heat - chemiclave - ethylene oxide

Question 40

describe autoclaving

Answer 40

-uses steam under pressure - 250 degree F, 15 PSI, 20 minutes -shelves for cassettes

Question 41

describe dry heat

Answer 41

-oven type sterilizer - 320 degrees F, 60-120 mins

Question 42

describe chemiclaving

Answer 42

- chemical vapor pressure - uses chemical solution in a pressurized chamber - 270 degrees F, 20-40 PSI, 20 mins - proper ventilation must be installed

Question 43

describe ethylene oxide

Answer 43

-several hours below 100 decrees C - proper ventilation must be installed

Question 44

how can manufacturers protect instruments

Answer 44

add rust inhibitors

Question 45

how can operators protect instruments

Answer 45

have instruments free of blood, debris and materials

Question 46

what is a big drawback of the original palodent

Answer 46

doesnt allow wedging

Question 47

what is the theory behind clamping with the original palodent

Answer 47

causes slight separation of the teeth and assists in getting better contact on the restoration

Question 48

does the palodent plus allow for wedge placement

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

when is the T band used

Answer 49

in pedodontics

Question 50

what matrix system is used for a severely damaged tooth

Answer 50

the automatrix system and the copper band

Question 51

what are the limitations to the automatrix system

Answer 51

- must be held in place by your non dominant hand when there are no undercuts on the side walls of the tooth -doesnt work well when tooth defects go far apically

Question 52

how do you remove the copper band after packing amalgam

Answer 52

cut with a 169 bur

Question 53

what are the limitations of the copper band matrix

Answer 53

- because of stiffness and thickness of copper band it is useful primarily on teeth already prepared for crowns. true contact with neighboring teeth is nearly impossible to obtain with a copper band matrix - must be stabilized with non dominant hand while packing amalgam or when cutting band for removal - copper bands are subject to strain hardening if you work the metal very much . if this happens hold over flame until it glows red and quench in water this is called stress relief annealing which softens the metal against so the copper does not resist attempts to shape it

Question 54

what is the purpose of water

Answer 54

for cooling so you dont burn the tooth