Class 14 Flashcards
1
Q
R How many joints does the FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS cross?
A
2, wrist, elbow
2
Q
R. ____________ are the structures in the body that have some specific function, and are made of of 2 or more tissues.
A
organs
3
Q
R. _______________ are the bone cells that breakdown bone to release minerals.
A
osteoclasts
4
Q
R. ________________ is an abnormal increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, often associated with cancer.
A
hyperplasia
5
Q
R. 3 types of connective tissue coverings of skeletal muscle (deep fascia) are
A
epimysium, perimysium & endomysium
6
Q
R. A _________ is a subjective change in the body function not apparent to an observer, such as pain or nausea, that indicated the presence of a dis-ease.
A
symptom
7
Q
R. A _________ is objective evidence of disease that can be observed or measured; seen.
A
sign
8
Q
R. A collection of similar cells and extracellular matrix is called ______________.
A
tissue
9
Q
R. A single motor neuron and the fibers it stimulates is referred to a __________ ____________.
A
motor unit.
10
Q
R. ADduction of humerus at shoulder is an action of what muscle
A
Latissimus dorsi
11
Q
R. Aging and joints: With aging, a _______________ in synovial fluid, thinning of _____________ _____________, and decreased _______________ of ligaments occur.
A
decrease, articular cartilage, flexibility
12
Q
R. All FLEXORS run diagonally on the anterior ____________, and proximally attach to the ___________ epicondyle of humerus.
A
forearm, medial
13
Q
R. All the systems functioning together make of the ________________ level of organization
A
organism
14
Q
R. An ____________ is one of the 4 types of bone cells and its function as a mature bone cell is to maintain bone tissue.
A
osteocyte
15
Q
R. An ____________ is to a cell what an organ is to your body.
A
organelle
16
Q
R. An increase of cell size without cell division is called _______________.
A
hypertrophy
17
Q
R. Anatomy is the study of_______?
A
the STRUCTURE of the human body
18
Q
R. Atoms and molecules are a part of the ______________ level of organization, and are considered the basic building blocks of life.
A
chemical
19
Q
R. Beneath the dermis lies a loose ________________ layer, rich in fat and areolar tissue. This is called the __________________.
A
subcutaneous, hypodermis
20
Q
R. Cerumen is another name for ______
A
earwax
21
Q
R. Collagen fibers are part of the matrix of bone? True or False
A
TRUE
22
Q
R. Define a symphysis.
A
a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but the bones are connected by a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage
23
Q
R. Define bilateral.
A
both sides
24
Q
R. Define contralateral.
A
opposite side
25
R. Depression of the scapula is and action of \_\_\_
lower trapezius
26
R. Describe cardiac muscle tissue: location, texture, movement.
heart, striated, involuntary
27
R. Describe skeletal muscle tissue: location, texture, movement.
attached to skeleton, striated, voluntary
28
R. Describe smooth muscle tissue: location, texture, movement.
tubes and hollow organs, smooth, involuntary
29
R. Distal attachment of DELTOID
All distally attach to the DELTOID tuberosity of the humerous.
30
R. Distal attachment of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS?
base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
31
R. Elevation and upward rotation of the shoulder girdle are actions of what muscle
upper trapezius
32
R. Fewer muscle fibers in a motor unit means ________ precise movements.
more
33
R. Give an example of a symphysis
pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints, junction of manubrium/sternum
34
R. Give an example of a syndesmoses joint.
interosseus membrane (ligament) tibia/fibula, radius/ulna
35
R. Go to page 67 in TG to see a pic of DELTOID.
you rock =)
36
R. How do the 3 communicating networks work together?
the skin and fascia of the fascial/fibrous network are filled with sensory receptors and other nerves (neural net) and detect information which it conveys to the muscles (to contract, move, pull on the bones), which cause chemicals to be released into the fluid network.
37
R. How many actions does Latissimus dorsi have
3, ADduction of humerus at shoulder, medial rotation of humerus (hooking a bra) , extension of humerus at shoulder
38
R. How many actions should we know for DELTOID?
7
39
R. How many bones make up the Appendicular skeleton?
126
40
R. How many sections of the DELTOID are there, and what are they called?
3; anterior, middle, posterior
41
R. How many thoracic vertebrae
12
42
R. How many types of muscle tissue are there?
3
43
R. How may bones total in skeleton?
206
44
R. Ligamentum nuchae (around C6) and spinous processes of C7-T3 [nuchal ligment] is the proximal attachment for which muscle
middle trapezius
45
R. Lower trapezius proximal attachment is where
spinous processes of T4-T12
46
R. Muscular ___________ is a wasting away of muscles. Individual muscle fibers decrease in size because of progressive loss of myofibrils.
atrophy
47
R. Name the 3 body planes we should know.
sagital, coronal, transverse
48
R. Name the components of the Axial skeleton.
skull, hyoid, spinal column, ribs
49
R. Osteocytes are located in the __________ of compact bone.
lacanea
50
R. Physiology is the study of body \_\_\_\_\_?
Body function
51
R. Posterior medial condyle of tibia is insertion for which muscle
semimembranosus
52
R. Proximal attachment of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS?
medial epicondyle of humerus
53
R. Rheumatoid arthritis is an __________ disease.
Auto Immune
54
R. Sebaceous glands produce sebum. What is sebum?
Oil
55
R. See a pic of the MASSETER on page 250 of TG.
i just saw a perfect rainbow =)
56
R. See pic of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS on page 140 - 141.
=)
57
R. Stimulation of one somatic motor neuron causes all the ____________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in that motor unit to contract at the same time.
muscle fibers
58
R. Sudoriferous glands produce what?
sweat, 2 types, eccrine and apocrine
59
R. Syndesmoses is an example of a ____________ joint type.
fibrous
60
R. The acromion process and spine of the scapula are distal attachment of what muscle
middle trapezius
61
R. The attachments of the MASSETER are described essentially the same way, the distinction is their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
depth.
62
R. The bones of the limbs and girdles make up the ____________ skeleton.
appendicular
63
R. The delicate CT membrane covering around individual and highly specialized skeletal muscle fibers is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
endomysium
64
R. The epimysium is a covering around the _____ muscle.
entire
65
R. The external layer of an organ is formed by a ____________ membrane.
serous
66
R. The MASSETER has _____ bellies and _____ heads.
2, 2
67
R. The MASSETER is the _____________ muscle in the body for its size.
strongest
68
R. The matrix of bone is made up of ____ and ____ \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Fibers (collagen) and ground substance-calcium and phosphate, (also some magnesium, sodium, sulfate and fluoride)
69
R. The origin of the DELTOID is identical to the insertion of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
trapezius
70
R. The path of the URINARY SYSTEM: Urine formed by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, passes first into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, then into the ___________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for storage, and finally through the ___________ for elimination from the body.
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
71
R. The proximal attachment of the entire trapezius muscle runs from the\_\_\_\_ to\_\_\_\_\_
EOP to T12 of spinous processes
72
R. The tendon of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS for the distal attachment runs through the ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and __________ to the flexor retinaculum.
carpal tunnel, deep
73
R. There are 11 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and they combine organs to work together in the body.
systems
74
R. Tough connective tissure that envelops muscle fascicle is what?
perimysium
75
R. What are the 2 cautions when massaging the MASSETER?
1. paratoid glands; may be infected and painful. don't assume its just a sensitive masseter2. TMJD; many of the symptoms of TMJD have a soft tissue component, however TMJD may require dental or surgical care.
76
R. What are the 3 actions of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS we should know?
1. wrist flexion2. elbow flexion3. radial deviation (aBduction of wrist)
77
R. What are the 3 actions of Latissimus dorsi
ADduction of humerus at shoulder, medial rotation of humerus (hooking a bra) , extension of humerus at shoulder
78
R. What are the 3 communicating networks?
fascial (or fibrous), neural, fluid
79
R. What are the 3 layers of deep fascia that form a tendon from deep to superficial?
enodmysium, perimysium, epimysium
80
R. What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
cardiac, skeletal, smooth
81
R. What are the 4 components of the URINARY SYSTEM?
2 kidneys (right and left), 2 ureters (right and left) , urinary bladder, urethra
82
R. What are the actions of the hamstrings
flex the knee and extend the hip
83
R. What are the anterior DELTOID actions?
1. flexion of humerous at shoulder2. medial rotation of humerous at shoulder3. horizontal aDduction
84
R. What are the levels of organization starting with the smallest.
chemical, ((organelles)), cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
85
R. What are the names of the 3 hamstrings
biceps femoris, Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
86
R. What are the posterior DELTOID actions?
1. extension of the humerous at the shoulder2. lateral rotation of the humerous at the shoulder3. horizontal aBduction
87
R. What are the two main types of Nervous tissue cells?
neurons (the conducting units) and neuroglia (support and nourish cells)
88
R. What are the wrist bones called?
carpels
89
R. What does DELTOID mean?
triangle, shaped-like
90
R. What does FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS mean?
flexion, wrist, pertaining to the radius
91
R. What does ipsilateral mean?
same side
92
R. What does Latissumus Dorsi mean
Latissimus-widest, dorsi-back
93
R. What does MASSETER mean?
chewer
94
R. What does the coronal plane divide?
into anterior and posterior
95
R. What does the sagittal plane divide?
right and left
96
R. What does the transverse plane divide?
superior and inferior
97
R. What does Trapezius mean
4 sided diamond
98
R. What forms the periosteum?
dense IRREGULAR connective tissue
99
R. What is a lateral maleolus?
the outer ankles.
100
R. What is a serous membrane?
a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior.
101
R. What is an epiphyseal plate?
the layer of hyaline cartilage located in the metaphyses that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length. When bones stop growing in adulthood, the plate is replaced by bone and an epiphyseal line is left.
102
R. What is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and what is it required for?
calcium ion, muscle contraction
103
R. What is the action of middle trapezius
Retraction of the scapula
104
R. What is the action of the MASSETER we should know?
elevation of the mandible (closes jaw)
105
R. What is the action that all 3 sections of the DELTOID do together?
aBduct the humerous at the shoulder
106
R. What is the distal attachment for latissimus dorsi
medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
107
R. What is the distal attachment of lower trapezius
tubercle of the spine of the scapula
108
R. What is the distal attachment of the upper trapezius
Lateral third of the clavicle
109
R. What is the function of the sarcomere?
the basic CONTRACTILE UNIT of the muscle fiber.
110
R. What is the function of the sarcomere?
the basic CONTRACTILE UNIT of the muscle fiber.
111
R. What is the functional classification of the syndesmoses joint?
amphiarthroses
112
R. What is the inferior distal attachment for biceps femoris
head of the fibula
113
R. What is the insertion of the semitendinosus
proximal shaft anterior tibia " pes anserimus"
114
R. What is the language of the fibrous network?
mechanical
115
R. What is the language of the fluid network?
chemical
116
R. What is the language of the neural network?
electrical
117
R. What is the origin and proximal attachment for Latissimus Dorsi
Spinous processes T8 - L5, sacrum and iliac crest (external lip, posterior portion) via the thoracolumbar aponeurosis
118
R. What is the origin of all the hamstrings
Ischial tuberosity
119
R. What is the origin of the short head of biceps femoris?
Lateral Lip of the Linea aspera of the femur
120
R. What is the peritoneum?
the largest serous membrane in the body that lines the wall and covers the organs in the abdominal cavity
121
R. What is the proximal attachment for the semitendinosus and semimembranosus?
Ischial tuberosity
122
R. What is the proximal attachment for Upper Trapezius
Superior nuchal line, EOP, nuchal ligament (strap of connective tissue that crossed C2-C7)
123
R. What is the proximal attachment of the Anterior DELTOID?
lateral 1/3 of clavicle ("key")
124
R. What is the proximal attachment of the Middle DELTOID?
Acromium of Scapula ("top of shoulder")
125
R. What is the proximal attachment of the Posterior DELTOID?
Spine of Scapula
126
R. What is the strongest and most durable of the 3 types of cartilage?
fibrocartilage
127
R. What makes up the fascial/fibrous network?
muscles, bones, skin, hair
128
R. What makes up the fluid network?
blood, vessels, lymph
129
R. What makes up the neural network?
nervous system
130
R. What movement happens in the coronal plane?
aBduction and aDduction
131
R. What movement happens in the sagittal plane?
flexion and extension
132
R. What movement happens in the transverse plane?
horizontal aBduction and horizontal aDduction
133
R. What type of cartilage is found in symphysis joints, and in the knee joint.
fibrocartilage
134
R. Where and what is the mesentery?
the membrane that anchors the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, and is part of the peritoneum
135
R. Where are stem cells located?
found in blood and fertilized eggs.
136
R. Where are stem cells located?
found in blood and fertilized eggs.
137
R. Where is an epiphyseal plate located?
between the diaphysis and epiphysis of the long bone
138
R. Where is serous membrane located?
external layer of organs; the membrane that lines the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities.
139
R. Where is the general location of the DELTOID?
on the lateral side of the upper arm under the shoulder
140
R. Where is the general location of the FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS?
diagonal across the anterior side of the forearm
141
R. Where is the general location of the MASSETER?
connecting the cheek bone with the jaw bone
142
R. Where is the insertion of the MASSETER?
angle and ramus of the mandible
143
R. Where is the location of red blood cell formation?
spongy bone.
144
R. Where is the location of the symphysis?
all symphyses occur in the midline of the body.
145
R. Where is the long head of biceps femoris compared to the short head? & where does it originate?
Superior, & origin is the Ischial tuberosity
146
R. Where is the origin of the MASSETER?
zygomatic arch
147
R. Where is the sarcoplasmic reticulum found?
in muscle tissue
148
R. Which hamstring has 2 heads?
biceps femoris
149
R. Which muscle is superficial to the other back muscles
Trapezius
150
R. _________ muscle fibers in a motor unit means less precise movements, like in the gastrocs.
more (or many)
151
R. A sprain involves what?
tear to ligaments
152
R. Define a strain?
stretched or partially torn muscle
153
R. Describe the make-up, function and location of both dense regular fibrous connective tissue AND dense irregular fibrous connective tissue.
DENSE REGULAR FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE - consists mainly of collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles; fibroblasts present in rows between bundles / provides strong attachment between various structures / forms tendons, most ligaments, and aponeuroses. DENSE IRREGULAR FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE - consists of randomly arranged collagen fibers and a few fibroblasts / provides strength / deep fascia, dermis, scars, and more.
154
R. Osteoarthritis is a ________ disease.
Degenerative
155
R. What do "epi", "peri" and "endo" mean?
epi-means upon, peri-means around, endo-means within
