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Neuro 400 > Class 2 > Flashcards

Class 2 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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0
Q

Mononeuropathy

A

Single peripheral nerve affected

Commonly the result of trauma

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1
Q

Compression syndromes of peripheral nerves

A

Cause local conduction block, but no structural damage

Numbness, tingling, pain and weakness.

Trauma –> inflammation –> impaired nerve transmission

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2
Q

Polyneuropathy

A

Several peripheral nerves affected

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3
Q

Radiculoneuropathy

A

Involves nerve root as it emerges from spinal cord

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4
Q

Polyradiculitis

A

Involvement of several nerve roots

Inflammatory response to infection.

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5
Q

Cervical plexus

A

Formed by anterior rami of C1-4

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6
Q

Superficial/sensory branches of cervical plexus

A

Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular

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7
Q

Lesser occipital branch

A

Sensory/superficial branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C2

Innervates: skin of scalp (posterior and superior to ear)

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8
Q

Great Auricular branch

A

Sensory/superficial branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C2-3

Innervates: skin anterior, inferior and over ear; skin over parotid glands

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9
Q

Transverse cervical branch

A

Sensory/superficial branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C2-3

Innervates: skin over anterior neck

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10
Q

Supraclavicular branch

A

Sensory/superficial branch of cervical plexus

Origin: c3-4

Innervates: skin over superior chest and shoulders

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11
Q

Deep (motor) branches of cervical plexus

A

Ansa cervicalis superior root
Ansa cervicalis inferior root
Phrenic
Segmental branches

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12
Q

Ansa cervicalis superior root

A

Deep branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C1

Innervates: infrahyoid and geniohyoid

  • loops with ACIR
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13
Q

Ansa cervicalis inferior root

A

Deep branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C2-3

Innervates: infrahyoid

  • loops with ACSR
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14
Q

Phrenic branch

A

Deep branch of cervical plexus

Origin: C3-5

Innervations: diaphragm

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15
Q

Segmental branches

A

Deep branches of cervical plexus

Origins: C1-5

Innervate: mm of neck, levator Scap, scalenes.

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16
Q

Severing spinal cord over what level causes respiratory arrest?

A

C3

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17
Q

Brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

Passes above R1, behind clavicle and enters axilla.

Supplies shoulders and arms

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18
Q

Branches of the brachial plexus

A 
Dorsal scapular
Long thoracic
Nerve to subclavius
Suprascapular
Musculocutaneous
Lateral pectoral
Upper subscapular
Thoracodorsal
Lower subscapular 
Axillary
Median
Radial
Medial pectoral
Medial cutaneous of arm
Medial cutaneous of forearm
Ulnar
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19
Q

Roots

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves

Combine to form trunks

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20
Q

Trunks

A

Roots combine to form trunks.

In brachial plexus: superior, middle and inferior

Trunks divide into divisions

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21
Q

Divisions

A

What trunks divide into posterior to clavicle.

Unite in axilla to form cords

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22
Q

Cords

A

In axilla, what divisions untie to form.

Lateral, medial and posterior

Lead to branches.

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23
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve

A

C5

Levator scap
Rhomboids Major and minor

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24
Long thoracic
C5-7 Serratus anterior
25
Nerve to subclavius
C5-6 Subclavius
26
Suprascapular
C5-6 Supraspinatus Infraspinatus
27
Musculocutaneous
C5-7 Coracobrachialis Brachialis Biceps brachii
28
Lateral pectoral
C5-7 Pec major
29
Upper subscapular
C5-6 Subscapularis
30
Thoracodorsal
C6-8 Lats
31
Lower subscapular
C5-6 Subscapularis Teres major
32
Axillary
C5-6 Deltoids Teres minor Skin (delt, sup/post arm)
33
Median
C5-T1 Forearm flexor (except FCU) Some hand muscles Skin of lat palmar hand and fingers
34
Radial
C5-T1 Posterior arm Skin of lat dorsal hand and post arm
35
Medial pectoral
C8-T1 Pec major and minor
36
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
C8-T1 Skin of medial/posterior distal arm
37
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
C8-T1 Skin of medial/posterior forearm
38
Ulnar
C8-T1 FCU FDP Most hand muscles Skin of medial hand and digit 5, medial 4
39
C5
Dorsal scapular
40
C5-6
``` Nerve to subclavius Suprascapular Upper subscapular Lower subscapular Axillary ```
41
C5-7
Long thoracic Musculocutaneous Lateral pectoral
42
C5-T1
Median | Radial
43
C6-8
Thoracodorsal
44
C8-T1
Median pectoral Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm Medi cutaneous nerve of the forearm Ulnar
45
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Injury to superior root of brachial plexus (C5-6) Traction injury Distinguished by Waiters Tip. No sensation over lateral arm
46
Klumpke's paralysis
Traction injury of lower brachial plexus Medial and ulnar lesions Claw hand Sensory loss affecting C8-T1 dermatomes
47
Horner's syndrome
Can result from Erb's or Klumpke's Characterized by miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis, enophthalmos
48
Miosis
Constriction of pupil
49
Ptosis
Drooping eyelid
50
Anhydrosis
Loss of sweating in face and neck
51
Enophthalmos
Recession of eyeball into orbit
52
Path of radial nerve
Posterior axillary wall, between long and medial heads of triceps Spiral groove of humerus Winds to lateral humerus, then anterior humerus btwn brachialis and brachioradialis Branches just before supinator into posterior motor branch and superficial sensory branch. Motor branch travels through supinator.
53
Sx's of radial nerve lesions
Altered sensation in posterior arm and hand (digits 1-3, half of 4) If injury before elbow, both motor and sensory symptoms. Wrist drop
54
Crutch palsy
Radial nerve lesion at axilla
55
Saturday night palsy
Radial nerve lesion at spiral groove at humerus.
56
Posterior interosseus syndrome
Radial nerve lesion Compression at arcade of Frohse (between heads of supinator) Wrist drop
57
Cheiralgia paresthetica
Radial nerve lesion as it passes under brachioradialis tendon Sensory Pain at dorsum of wrist, thumb, web space "Handcuff syndrome"
58
Path of median nerve
Medial humerus to cubital fossa (beside coracobrachialis) Between heads of pronator teres, then deep Can be compressed by FCR and FDS Enters carpal tunnel.
59
Symptoms of median nerve lesions
``` Ape hand Oath hand (only 4&5 can flex) ``` Difficulty grasping, pronating, flexing PIPs or DIPs 2-3. Weak wrist flexion, thumb movements
60
Ligament of Struthers
Unusual. Extra ligament running from spur on humerus to medial epicondyle. 12-15% Can compress median nerve. Motor and sensory loss.
61
Pronator teres syndrome
Median nerve compresses at proximal attachment of pronator teres. Aching in anterior forearm, numbness in thumb and index finger. Some thenar weakness
62
Anterior interosseus syndrome
Median nerve lesion Compression between heads of pronator teres. Pain and motor loss at FPL, lateral half of FDP, pronator quadratic Paralysis of digits 1-2. Can't make OK.
63
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Most common entrapment condition in arm. Numbness and tingling in 1-3, half of 4 Distinguished by night waking due to SX's. Compression in tunnel due to decreases tunnel size or increase size of contents.
64
Structures that pass through carpal tunnel
flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons) Flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons) Flexor pollicis longus (1 tendon) Median nerve

Neuro 400 (10 decks)

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