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Class 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A

It is a network of vessels that distributes flow to all regions of the RT ad LT hemispheres of the brain.

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2
Q

What is the most important source of cerebral blood supply and collateral circulation?

A

Circle of Willis

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3
Q

Where is the circle of Willis?

A

It is located at the base of the brain.

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4
Q

How many people have a complete Circle of Willis?

A

Only 20% of the population.

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5
Q

What is the criteria for vessel identification?

A
  1. Depth of SV
  2. Direction of flow
  3. Traceability
  4. Transducer angulation
  5. Spatial relationship of waveform spectra
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6
Q

What are the characterisitics of transcranial doppler?

A
  • Non-invasive
  • Painless
  • Inexpensive
  • Provides instantaneous and continuous
  • Cerebral blood flow information
  • Can be used in any hopsital enviroment
  • Safe
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7
Q

What are the pitfalls and trouble spots of TCD?

A
  • Variations and incomplete circle of willis
  • Absent or small temporal windows
  • Not identifying/finding best temporal window
  • Improper doppler settings.
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8
Q

What should you set the equipment prior to an exam?

A
  1. Wipe down the transducer and cable
  2. Label vessel, adjust depth, power and direction of flow, before applying transducer on patient.
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9
Q

How should you position the patient pior to an exam?

A
  • Exam can be preformed with the patient in a supine or sitting position
  • DO NOT reposition a patient with EDV w/o nursing assistance
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10
Q

What window can the MCA be seen in?

A

Transtemporal window

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11
Q

What is the M1 segment depth range?

A

40-60mm

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12
Q

What is the M2 segment depth range?

A

30-40mm

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13
Q

What is the flow direction of the MCA?

A

Towards the transducer

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14
Q

How should you sample the MCA?

A

In 2mm increments

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15
Q

Can the MCA change direction?

A

No, it will never change direction.

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16
Q

Where can the MCA/ACA bifurcation?

A

In the transtemporal window

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17
Q

What is the depth range of the MCA/ACA bifurcation?

A

60-70 mm

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18
Q

What is the flow pattern in the MCA/ACA bifurcation?

A

Bidirectional

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19
Q

What is the flow direction in the ACA?

A

Away from the transducer

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20
Q

What window can the ACA be seen in?

A

Transtemporal window

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21
Q

What is the segment depth of the ACA?

22
Q

What is the normal flow direction of the ACA?

A

Away from the transducer

23
Q

When can the ACA flow direction change?

A

It can change direction with the presence of disease

24
Q

Where can the PCA be seen?

A

It can be seen in the transtemporal window

25
What is the PCA's segment depth range?
60-70 mm
26
What is the flow direction of the PCA?
Bidirectional
27
What is the flow direction of P1?
Towards the transducer
28
What is the flow direction of P2?
Away from the transducer
29
When can the PCA flow direction change?
It can change direction with the presence of disease
30
Where can you see the VA?
Transforamenal (suboccipital) window
31
What is the segment depth range of the VA?
60-80 mm
32
What is the flow direction of the VA?
Away from the transducer
33
When can the VA flow direction change?
It can change direction with the presence of disease such as subclavian steal.
34
What is formed by the two vertebrals?
The basilar artery
35
Where does the vertebral arteries enter through?
Foramen Lacerum
36
Where is the BA seen?
Transforamenal (suboccipital) window
37
What is the BA segment depth range?
80-100 mm
38
What is the flow direction of the BA?
Away from the transducer
39
What is the first branch of the ICA?
OA
40
Where can the OA be seen?
Transorbital window
41
What is the segment depth range of the OA?
40-60mm
42
What is the flow direction of the OA?
Towards the transducer
43
When can the OA change direction?
Presence of disease.
44
What is the only high resistance cerebral artery?
OA
45
Where can the CS be seen?
Transforamenal (suboccpital) window
46
What is the segment depth range of the CS?
60-80mm
47
What is the flow direction of the CS?
Bidrectional from transducer because of tortuosity
48
Where can the ICA be seen?
Submandibular window
49
What is the segment depth range of the ICA?
40-70mm
50
What is the flow direction of the ICA?
Away from the transducer
51
What is used to calculate the lindegaard ratio?
ICA
52

TCD (5 decks)

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