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Personal Neuro > Class 2 Deck 1 > Flashcards

Class 2 Deck 1 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Where does the posterior spinal artery arise? And where does it end?

A
  • Vertebral Arteries

- Cauda Equina

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2
Q

Where does the anterior spinal artery arise and where does it end?

A
  • Vertebral artery

- Filum terminale

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3
Q

Radicular arteries (spinal) is reinforced by what 2 arteries?

A
  • Intercostals (thoracic region)

- Lumbar (Lumbar region)

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4
Q

What does SAD stand for?

A
  • Sensory
  • Afferent
  • Dorsal
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5
Q

Where do cervical spinal nerves exit?

A

-Above the respective vertebra

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6
Q

All spinal nerves with the exception of cervical, emerge from where?

A

-Below the same numbered vertebra.

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7
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

-Cluster of peripheral neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS

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8
Q

What is a nerve?

A
  • Bundle of peripheral axons

- Most are mixed (sensory and motor axons)

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9
Q

Name the connective tissue layers of nerves from smallest to biggest.

A

-Endonerium (fibers), epinerium (fasicles), perinerium (Bundles)

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10
Q

Where is the cervical plexus? and what does it innervate?

A
  • C1-C4

- Neck and shoulder

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11
Q

Where is the phernic nerve and why is it important?

A
  • C3,4,5

- Sole motor supplier of the diaphragm

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12
Q

Where is the brachial plexus and what does it innervate?

A
  • C5-T1

- Upper limbs and shoulder

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13
Q

What dermatome is the pinky?

A

C-8

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14
Q

Where is the lumbar plexus and what does it innervate? and what is its major nerve?

A
  • L1-L4
  • Anterior Thigh (Quad)
  • Femoral Nerve
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15
Q

Where is the sacral plexus? What does it innervate?

A
  • L4-S4

- Posterior thigh and most of leg

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16
Q

What are the main nerves of the sacral plexus?

A
  • Sciatic
  • Tibial
  • Common fibular (peroneal)
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17
Q

NAme the 5 nerves of the brachial plexus and what they innervate.

A
  • Radial = Posterior hand
  • Ulnar = Medial hand
  • Median = Lateral Palm
  • Musculocutaneous = arm flex
  • Axillary = deltoid
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18
Q

What nerve causes footdrop?

A

-Common peroneal/Fibular

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19
Q

Motor axons innervate ______ fibers at the _________ this is called the _______.

A
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Neuromuscular junction
  • Motor end plate
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20
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

-Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

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21
Q

What does mechanoreceptors detect?

A

-Mechanical deformation of receptor or adjacent cells

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22
Q

What does thermoreceptors detect?

A

Changes in temperature

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23
Q

What do nocioceptors detect?

A

Pain

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24
Q

What do electromagnetic receptors detect?

A

-Light on the retina

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25
What do chemorecptors detect?
-Tase, smell, O2, Osmolality
26
What are ruffini endings?
-Found in dermis and adapt to changes in pressure
27
What are meisner corpuscles?
Found in hairless skin and are tactile receptors
28
What are pacinian corpuscles?
-Vibration receptors
29
What are neuromuscular spindles / neurotendons / golgi organs?
-perceive muscle stretch
30
What do free nerve ending sense?
Pain and temp
31
Where are proprioceptors found?
-Muscle, joints, tendons, ligaments
32
What do proprioceptors sense?
- Degree of stretch | - Info on body movement
33
Where do sensory fibers arise? | Motor fibers?
- Cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia | - Anterior gray column of spinal cord
34
What is gray mater? White mater?
- Neuronal cell bodies | - Pathways of nerve bundles
35
Ascending tracts move ____ the brain while descending tracts move _____ from the brain.
- Towards | - Away
36
Sensory tract names begin with what? and what do they end with?
- Spino- | - Part of brain where tract leads
37
Motor tracts start with what?
-Part of brain where tract begins
38
Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus are what type of nerves?
- Large - Fast - Myelinated
39
What are the 4 functions of the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus?
- Touch sensations - Fine Pressure - Vibration - Proprioception
40
What is the path of the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus?
Skin-spinal cord-medulla-thalamus-post central gyrus
41
where does the Anterolateral System originate?
-Dorsal horn of spinal grey mater
42
what are the functions of the Anterolateral System?
- Pain - Temp - Crude touch / pressure - Tickle/itch - Sexual
43
What types of nerves are involved with the Anterolateral System?
- Small - Slow - myelinated
44
Name the 3 afferent neuron paths?
- Primary (periphery to spinal cord) - Secondary (Spinal cord to thalamus) - Third (project to specific cortex)
45
Which central gyrus is motor? Sensory?
- Motor = Precentral gyrus | - Sensory = postcentral gyrus
46
What are the 2 types of motor neurons?
- Upper motor neurons | - Lower motor neurons
47
Lower motor neurons can only be what type of neurons?
-Cranial or spinal
48
Where do all corticospinal tracts synapse? A lesion above this is what type of lesion?
- Anterior Horn | - Upper motor neuron lesion
49
What are the 3 characteristics of a UMN defect?
- Spastic paralysis - Hyperreflexia - Babinski
50
What are the 3 characteristics of a LMN defect?
- Flaccid paralysis - Fasciculations - Hyporeflexia
51
SSEPs test the integrity of what tracts?
-Dorsal lemniscal (posterior cord)
52
General anesthesia produces sedation and hypnosis by depressing what?
-Reticular activating system
53
A complete loss of the reticular activating system is called what?
Coma
54
The _______ nerve at the level of the ______ is usually the site for SSEP monitoring.
- Tibial | - Ankle
55
For SSEP where is the stimulating and detecting electrodes placed?
- Stimulating = Peripheral | - Detecting = Central
56
What will happen to a SSEP wave form if their is nerve damage?
- Increase latency | - Decrease amplitude
57
Other than nerve injury, what can affect SSEPs?
- Temp - BP - O2 - CO2
58
Describe A fibers
- Myelinated - First or fast pain - Localized - Pain ends w/ end of painful stimulus
59
Describe C fibers
- Unmyelinated - Second / slow pain - Diffuse pain - Pain exceeds painful stimulus
60
Clavicle Dermatome
C1
61
Umbilical Dermatome
T10
62
Nipples Dermatome
T4
63
Tibia Dermatome
L4-L5
64
Xiphoid Dermatome
T6
65
Perinum Dermatome
S2-25

Personal Neuro (9 decks)

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