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Personal Neuro > Class 2 Deck 1 > Flashcards

Class 2 Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the posterior spinal artery arise? And where does it end?

A
  • Vertebral Arteries

- Cauda Equina

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2
Q

Where does the anterior spinal artery arise and where does it end?

A
  • Vertebral artery

- Filum terminale

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3
Q

Radicular arteries (spinal) is reinforced by what 2 arteries?

A
  • Intercostals (thoracic region)

- Lumbar (Lumbar region)

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4
Q

What does SAD stand for?

A
  • Sensory
  • Afferent
  • Dorsal
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5
Q

Where do cervical spinal nerves exit?

A

-Above the respective vertebra

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6
Q

All spinal nerves with the exception of cervical, emerge from where?

A

-Below the same numbered vertebra.

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7
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

-Cluster of peripheral neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS

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8
Q

What is a nerve?

A
  • Bundle of peripheral axons

- Most are mixed (sensory and motor axons)

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9
Q

Name the connective tissue layers of nerves from smallest to biggest.

A

-Endonerium (fibers), epinerium (fasicles), perinerium (Bundles)

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10
Q

Where is the cervical plexus? and what does it innervate?

A
  • C1-C4

- Neck and shoulder

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11
Q

Where is the phernic nerve and why is it important?

A
  • C3,4,5

- Sole motor supplier of the diaphragm

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12
Q

Where is the brachial plexus and what does it innervate?

A
  • C5-T1

- Upper limbs and shoulder

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13
Q

What dermatome is the pinky?

A

C-8

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14
Q

Where is the lumbar plexus and what does it innervate? and what is its major nerve?

A
  • L1-L4
  • Anterior Thigh (Quad)
  • Femoral Nerve
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15
Q

Where is the sacral plexus? What does it innervate?

A
  • L4-S4

- Posterior thigh and most of leg

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16
Q

What are the main nerves of the sacral plexus?

A
  • Sciatic
  • Tibial
  • Common fibular (peroneal)
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17
Q

NAme the 5 nerves of the brachial plexus and what they innervate.

A
  • Radial = Posterior hand
  • Ulnar = Medial hand
  • Median = Lateral Palm
  • Musculocutaneous = arm flex
  • Axillary = deltoid
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18
Q

What nerve causes footdrop?

A

-Common peroneal/Fibular

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19
Q

Motor axons innervate ______ fibers at the _________ this is called the _______.

A
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Neuromuscular junction
  • Motor end plate
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20
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

-Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

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21
Q

What does mechanoreceptors detect?

A

-Mechanical deformation of receptor or adjacent cells

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22
Q

What does thermoreceptors detect?

A

Changes in temperature

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23
Q

What do nocioceptors detect?

A

Pain

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24
Q

What do electromagnetic receptors detect?

A

-Light on the retina

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25
Q

What do chemorecptors detect?

A

-Tase, smell, O2, Osmolality

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26
Q

What are ruffini endings?

A

-Found in dermis and adapt to changes in pressure

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27
Q

What are meisner corpuscles?

A

Found in hairless skin and are tactile receptors

28
Q

What are pacinian corpuscles?

A

-Vibration receptors

29
Q

What are neuromuscular spindles / neurotendons / golgi organs?

A

-perceive muscle stretch

30
Q

What do free nerve ending sense?

A

Pain and temp

31
Q

Where are proprioceptors found?

A

-Muscle, joints, tendons, ligaments

32
Q

What do proprioceptors sense?

A
  • Degree of stretch

- Info on body movement

33
Q

Where do sensory fibers arise?

Motor fibers?

A
  • Cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia

- Anterior gray column of spinal cord

34
Q

What is gray mater? White mater?

A
  • Neuronal cell bodies

- Pathways of nerve bundles

35
Q

Ascending tracts move ____ the brain while descending tracts move _____ from the brain.

A
  • Towards

- Away

36
Q

Sensory tract names begin with what? and what do they end with?

A
  • Spino-

- Part of brain where tract leads

37
Q

Motor tracts start with what?

A

-Part of brain where tract begins

38
Q

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus are what type of nerves?

A
  • Large
  • Fast
  • Myelinated
39
Q

What are the 4 functions of the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus?

A
  • Touch sensations
  • Fine Pressure
  • Vibration
  • Proprioception
40
Q

What is the path of the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus?

A

Skin-spinal cord-medulla-thalamus-post central gyrus

41
Q

where does the Anterolateral System originate?

A

-Dorsal horn of spinal grey mater

42
Q

what are the functions of the Anterolateral System?

A
  • Pain
  • Temp
  • Crude touch / pressure
  • Tickle/itch
  • Sexual
43
Q

What types of nerves are involved with the Anterolateral System?

A
  • Small
  • Slow
  • myelinated
44
Q

Name the 3 afferent neuron paths?

A
  • Primary (periphery to spinal cord)
  • Secondary (Spinal cord to thalamus)
  • Third (project to specific cortex)
45
Q

Which central gyrus is motor? Sensory?

A
  • Motor = Precentral gyrus

- Sensory = postcentral gyrus

46
Q

What are the 2 types of motor neurons?

A
  • Upper motor neurons

- Lower motor neurons

47
Q

Lower motor neurons can only be what type of neurons?

A

-Cranial or spinal

48
Q

Where do all corticospinal tracts synapse? A lesion above this is what type of lesion?

A
  • Anterior Horn

- Upper motor neuron lesion

49
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of a UMN defect?

A
  • Spastic paralysis
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Babinski
50
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of a LMN defect?

A
  • Flaccid paralysis
  • Fasciculations
  • Hyporeflexia
51
Q

SSEPs test the integrity of what tracts?

A

-Dorsal lemniscal (posterior cord)

52
Q

General anesthesia produces sedation and hypnosis by depressing what?

A

-Reticular activating system

53
Q

A complete loss of the reticular activating system is called what?

A

Coma

54
Q

The _______ nerve at the level of the ______ is usually the site for SSEP monitoring.

A
  • Tibial

- Ankle

55
Q

For SSEP where is the stimulating and detecting electrodes placed?

A
  • Stimulating = Peripheral

- Detecting = Central

56
Q

What will happen to a SSEP wave form if their is nerve damage?

A
  • Increase latency

- Decrease amplitude

57
Q

Other than nerve injury, what can affect SSEPs?

A
  • Temp
  • BP
  • O2
  • CO2
58
Q

Describe A fibers

A
  • Myelinated
  • First or fast pain
  • Localized
  • Pain ends w/ end of painful stimulus
59
Q

Describe C fibers

A
  • Unmyelinated
  • Second / slow pain
  • Diffuse pain
  • Pain exceeds painful stimulus
60
Q

Clavicle Dermatome

A

C1

61
Q

Umbilical Dermatome

A

T10

62
Q

Nipples Dermatome

A

T4

63
Q

Tibia Dermatome

A

L4-L5

64
Q

Xiphoid Dermatome

A

T6

65
Q

Perinum Dermatome

A

S2-25

Personal Neuro (9 decks)

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