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FF: neuro content > class 2: neuro DD > Flashcards

class 2: neuro DD Flashcards

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1
Q

UMN lesion - tone

A

hypertonicity

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2
Q

UMN lesion - reflexes

A

hyper reflexia

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3
Q

UMN lesion - sesnsation

A

decreased

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4
Q

UMN lesion - involonary muscle moevemnts

A

muscle spasms

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5
Q

UMN lesion - voluntary movements

A

movement in syngerist patterns

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6
Q

LMN lesion - tone

A

hypo tone

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7
Q

UMN lesion - what is involved

A

cortex, BS, SC

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8
Q

LMN lesion - what is involved

A

peri nerves, nerve roots, CN

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9
Q

LMN lesion - reflexes

A

hypo-reflexia

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10
Q

LMN lesion - sensationn

A

decreased

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11
Q

LMN lesion - voluntary movement

A

fasiculations

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12
Q

basal ganglia lesion - tone

A

rigid

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13
Q

basal ganglia lesion - reflexes

A

normal or decreased

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14
Q

basal ganglia lesion - sensation

A

normal

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15
Q

basal ganglia lesion - involintary movement

A

resting tremor

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16
Q

basal ganglia lesion - voluntary movements

A

bradykinsia or akinesia

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17
Q

what is bradykinesia

A

slowness of movement

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18
Q

what disease is bradykinesia a common symtom of

A

park

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19
Q

cere - tone/reflexes

A

decreased or normal

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20
Q

cere - senstation

A

normal

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21
Q

cere - involuntary movements

A

normals

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22
Q

cere - voluntary movement

A

axtia, intention tremor, D and D, nystagmus

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23
Q

what is the purpose of a CT scan vs MRI

A

better for imaging bones and blood vessels, while MRIs are better for imaging soft tissue

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24
Q

spacity vs rigidity

A

spa: movement and then it is restricted, velocity dependent

rigdity: will not let you move from the start

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25
difference between hypokinesia and bradykinesia
Bradykinesia is a complex consisting of slowness of movement hypokinesia (small or decreasing amplitude movement),
26
what is akinsia
inability to initiate movement
27
what happens with parkinsons
depletion of dopamine in substantia nigra
28
what is the difference between resting tremor and intention tremor
resting - seen at rest intention - seen when starting to move
29
is park seen more in men or women
men older adults
30
what are the cardinal signs of parks
* Tremor (Resting) * Rigidity * Akinesia * Postural instability
31
what is park gait
a walking pattern that's characterized by short, shuffling steps, reduced arm swing, and difficulty starting and stopping
32
TRAP - park
tremor - intention Rigidity - cogwheel or leadpipe, proximal, intially proximal Akinesia - cannot inciate movement postural instability - throcic kyphosis and forward head
33
what is the diffierence between cog wheel and leadpipe
cog - rachet like lead- smooth and consistent thorughout
34
Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability - 1
unilateral if present.
35
Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability - 2
Minimal bilateral or midline involvement. Balance not impaired.
36
Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability - 3
Unsteadiness when turning or rising from chair. Some activities are restricted, but patient can live independently
37
Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability - 4
Standing and walking possible only with assistance.
38
Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability - 5
Confined to bed or wheelchair.
39
Early symptoms: park
* Loss of smell * Constipation * Sleep disorders
40
motor sign of park
Hypophonia, mask-like face, micrographia
41
what us hypophonia
a person's voice to be abnormally soft, weak, and breathy.
42
respiration and park
a person's voice to be abnormally soft, weak, and breathy.
43
Cognition/Behavior: park
Difficulty with dual tasking, depression, dementia
44
BP and park
ortho hypotensio
45
what is Freezing of Gait in park
Sudden inability to initiate movement
46
what are some things to do to combat reezing of gait
̶Visual Targets – Drop a tissue, music, wide doorways/modify environment
47
what is Festinating Gait park
Short stride, shuffling, increasing speed, anteropulsive, decreased arm swing
48
what can we do for Festinating Gait park
̶Add toe wedge or declined heel to move COM posteriorly
49
what is the main treatment for park
big movements
50
what is the main drug treatment for park
Levodopa/Carbidopa:
51
what is the issue with Levodopa/Carbidopa:
on/off phases Random fluctuations in motor performance and responses
52
what are the on/off time call for levodopa
̶Dyskinesia: On phase ̶Dystonia: Off phase
53
when should a PT be scheduled around levodopa
PT one hour after dose
54
diet and levodopa
*High-protein diet can block the effectiveness of levodopa
55
what is DYSKINESIA
Involuntary, repetitive, smooth, muscle movements * e.g., snake-like twisting of arm
56
what is enbloc turning
the whole body terms instead of just the head of body
57
what muscle groups do DYSKINESIA effect
Affects large muscle groups (arms, head, trunk, legs)
58
is DYSKINESIA on or off phase
on
59
what is DYSTONIA
Prolonged, involuntary muscle contractions; muscle spasm * e.g., toe curling
60
what muscle groups do DYSTONIA effect
Affects a specific muscle or group of muscles
61
DYSTONIA on or off
off
62
what causes MS 2/2
AUTOIMMUNE disease * Progressive demyelination of the neurons in CNS
63
MS - motor symtoms
spasicty
64
MS - sensory
numbness and paratheis
65
what is Pseudobulbar affect
a neurological disorder that causes uncontrollable episodes of laughing or crying that are inappropriate for the situation
66
is MS a UMN or LMN disorder
UMN
67
Pseudobulbar affect is often seen with what disease
MS and ALS
68
what is Optic Neuritis,
nerve becomes inflamed and swollen, which can cause vision loss and other symptoms seen with MS
69
what is Trigeminal Neuralgia
a chronic pain condition that causes sudden, severe, shock-like facial pain. seen with MS
70
what is the big feature seen with MS
fatigue
71
what are the Unique Signs and Symptoms of MS
1. Lhermitte’s Sign 2. Uhthoff's Phenomenon 3. Charcot’s Triad 4. Cranial Nerve- II
72
what is Lhermitte’s Sign
transient electric shock sensation down the spine and extremities caused by neck flexion. MS hair messy - when you bend your head you hair gets messy
73
what is Uhthoff's Phenomenon
It is characterized by a temporary worsening of MS symptoms when your body's temperature is raised by fever, exercise, or using a hot tub or sauna. MS Utha is warm
74
what is Charcot’s Triad
nystagmus, intention tremor, and ataxic dysarthria. SIN - scanning, speech, intention tremor, nys
75
what is Progressive Relapsing MS
Steady increase in disability with superimposed attacks
76
what is Secondary Progressive MS
Initially RR, then symptoms increase without periods of remission
77
what is Primary Progressive MS
Steady increase in disability without attacks/exacerbations
78
CN 2 and MS
marcus gun pupil with the oupillary light reflex the eye dilated instead of contricting
79
what is Relapse-Remitting RR MS
Short duration attacks with full or partial recovery, may or may not leave lasting symptoms/deficits
80
what is optic neutris
inflammation of CN II seen with MS
81
what is the most common type of MS
Relapse-Remitting RR MS
82
what are the main MS intervention
Do not overfatigue * Manage Overheating/ Temperature * Energy conservation
83
when is the best time to work with MS pt's
Exercise is best in the morning
84
what is the best intensity for MS pt's
Low intensity (3-5 METS) 50-70% VO2 (SUBMAX)
85
MS pt - freq
3-5x/week (alternating days, mornings if possible)
86
what is ALS
Progressive neurological disorder that damages nerve cells and causes disability * Death of motor neuron
87
what are the signs and sym of ALS - motor neurons
UMN & LMN presentation without sensory loss
88
ALS - LMN sign
̶Muscle atrophy, fasciculations (LMN)
89
ALS - UMN sign
̶Spasticity, hyperreflexia (UMN)
90
what are bulbar ALS symtoms
̶Dysphagia, dysarthria (Bulbar)
91
what is the only thing effects with ALS
only motor neurons
92
what is the most common cause of death in ALS pt's
Respiratory muscle weakness
93
what is the medical managment for ALS
no specific ALS * No effective treatment for disease
94
PT Management for ALS
Focus on functional activities/ADLs and energy conservation initially and end stages avoid over fatigue
95
what type of issues is Guillain-Barré Syndrome
an autoimmune issue
96
when does Guillain-Barré Syndrome appear
after an infection
97
what is Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Acute inflammatory DEMYELINATING POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY Rapid asymmetrical loss of myelin in nerve roots, peripheral nerves and cranial nerves
98
what are the sign and sym of Guillain-Barré Syndrome - motor
̶DISTAL TO PROXIMAL ̶Rapid and progressive
99
what are the sign and sym of Guillain-Barré Syndrome - sensory
̶Glove and stocking ̶Burning, tingling, numbness
100
what are the sign and sym of Guillain-Barré Syndrome - reflexes
* Decreased reflexes/Areflexia
101
Guillain-Barré Syndrome - * Respiratory and cranial involvement:
VII (facial) IX (gloss) X (vestibular) XI (accessory spinal) XII (hypoglossal)
102
what is GBS Intervention
* Respiratory care * Teach energy conservation techniques * Avoid overuse and fatigue (can prolong recovery)
103
what is the recovery rate for GB
Recovery: 6-12 months, may recover fully
104
Parkinson is associated in what part of the brain where is the substantial Niagara?
The basil ganglia
105
whatis the worst type of MS
progressive relapsing
106
what is clincal isolated syndrome
they have only had one MS episode
107
how many episode do you need to have MS
at least 2 episodes and 2 lesions on MRI imaging
108
what temp should MS patient work out at
<85-deg
109
what part of the cervical spine doesALS effect
the c-spine extensors this leads to a flexed neck position
110
GB is normally after what kind of infection
respiratory infection
111
what is the GBS acroymn
G: glove and stocking B: bilateral S: sym
112
what CN are most commonly involved with MS
2 and 5 optic neuritis trigeminal neuralgia
113
what happens with marcus gun syndrome and MS
with the pupillary light reflex the eyes dilate instead of contrict
114
what is a cataract
cloudy area in the lens of the eye that leads to a decrease in vision of the eye.
115

FF: neuro content (8 decks)

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