Class #3

Question 1

Define Worldview (2)

Answer 1

The way a group of people see their world, their physical and symbolic space, and their place in the world.

A collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or group; the lens through which the world is viewed by an individual or group; the overall perspective from which the world is interpreted.

Question 2

What are 4 experiences the develop a persons worldview?

Answer 2

1) Childhood/Upbringing

2) Culture/Community

3) Reinforcement
Punishment

4) Media/Portrayals/stories

Question 3

What are 3 things that assist with developing a persons worldview when regarding analysis/thought/reflection?

Answer 3

1) Questions

2) Discussion/Debate

3) Maturity/Independence

Question 4

What are 2 issues with Canadian Culture?

Answer 4

1) Intention to uphold principles of equity and social justice

2) Democratic racism

Question 5

What is democratic racism?

Answer 5

• Cultural Differences
• Prevents the identification of social and structural barriers, discriminatory practices, and racism. Instead, blames the victims for their own outcomes and the inequities they experience
• Is subtle and unlikely to be challenged unless recognized and exposed

Question 6

What does the term “cultural differences” mean?

Answer 6

Used as a euphemism for racial differences to explain health, social and economic inequalities

Question 7

How is culture is defined?

Answer 7

Culture has been defined as the values, beliefs, and practices common or inherent to a group of people.

Question 8

What are limitations to how culture is defined?

Answer 8

• Culture becomes synonymous with race or ethnicity
• Suggests you can know another person’s culture simply by determining which group they affiliate with, or associating them with a particular group (intersectionality)
• Overlooks power structures and social conditions
• Assumes values, beliefs, practices, etc. do not change over time
• Overlooks the complexity of an individual’s life and experiences

Question 9

What does re-defining culture mean?

Answer 9

• Contemporary definitions see culture as a process that happens between people.
• We continuously participate in and create culture.
• Culture is constantly in flux.

Question 10

How do contemporary definitions see culture?

Answer 10

Contemporary definitions see culture as a process that happens between people.

Question 11

What does it mean to re-define culture?

Answer 11

• We help to create culture in our community, in our workplace, and so on.
• We must engage in self-reflection and self-analysis to identify our own culture(s) and social location, and how that shapes our values, beliefs, and behaviors.
• We must consider differences between us and others in terms of social context, power structures, and social inequities.

Question 12

What are the 3 approaches to culture?

Answer 12

1) Cultural Sensitivity

2) Cultural Competence

3) Cultural Safety

Question 13

What does cultural sensitivity emphasize?

Answer 13

Emphasizes that individual health care providers should become sensitive toward individual patient differences from dominant norms.

(Nurses must identify those differences and then be sensitive to, or tolerant of, the differences.)

Question 14

What is cultural sensitivity based on?

Answer 14

Based on a static view of culture; sees culture as a characteristic of a person or a group of people.

Question 15

What are some limitations to cultural sensitivity? (6)

Answer 15

• People do not agree with the group they are assigned to, and may find categorization offensive
• Individuals may not subscribe to all the practices associated with one particular group
• Individuals within a group may have significantly different values, norms, and practices
• Leads to stereotyping and erroneous assumptions
• Does not consider the broader context and social/power structures of the person’s life
• Implies there is a preferred norm, and others must be tolerated

Question 16

What are the different way that cultural competence can be used?

Answer 16

• Can refer to nurses developing understanding of different cultures and the beliefs, values, and practices of various groups
• Can also refer to learning about the contexts that shape culture and individual experiences, whether in others or oneself.

Question 17

What can cultural competence be used to support?

Answer 17

Can be used to support either cultural sensitivity or cultural safety

Question 18

What are some limitations to cultural competence?

Answer 18

• Seen as a checkbox
• Does not necessarily lead to action

Question 19

What is cultural safety based on?

Answer 19

Based on idea of culture as a process, something that is dynamic and ever changing, something that we create

Culture shifts in relation to power dynamics within society, as well as historical, economic, political, and local trends

Question 20

What does cultural safety focus on?

Answer 20

Focuses on how a particular group is perceived and treated, rather than on what they think or do

More actively addresses inequitable power relations, racism, stigma, and discrimination within healthcare (and society)

Question 21

What does and health and healthcare depend on in regards to cultural safety?

Answer 21

More actively addresses inequitable power relations, racism, stigma, and discrimination within healthcare (and society)

Question 22

What does cultural safety believe about individual and institutional discrimination?

Answer 22

Individual and institutional discrimination in health care creates risks for patients

Question 23

Cultural safety in practice (2)

Answer 23

1) Reflect on how our own biases, assumptions, norms, and ways of being influence our viewpoints, interactions, and practices

2) Critically analyze the culture of health and health care

Question 24

What are some influences to Critically analyze the culture of health and health care? (3)

Answer 24

1) Biomedicine: focus on natural sciences of physics and chemistry and biology

2) Corporatism: health care follows a business model in terms of marketplace, management, and organizational behaviour

3) Liberal Individualism: value individuals over the collective; also hold individuals responsible for their own well-being and health in all domains

Question 25

What is a major component of Cultural safety in practice with patients/clients?

Answer 25

Ensure people have the opportunity to communicate in the language that they are able to speak and understand… ensuring that we provide interpreters/language services for patients who do not speak english

Question 26

Cultural Safety in Practice with patients/clients (6)

Answer 26

• Seek to understand practice from a stance of inquiry and active listening
• practice non-judgemental acceptance of people
• Anticipate where you will be most judgemental (personal assumptions/biases) and how will you practice in those circumstances
• Pay attention when people say they are experiencing discrimination
• Practice with honesty- admit when you have done wrong, or don’t know what to say or do
• Ensure people have the opportunity to communicate in the language that they are able to speak and understand

Question 27

Cultural Safety in practice with colleagues: (6)

Answer 27

• Develop skills and courage to challenge stereotypes, assumptions, and generalizations
• Counter unwarranted assumptions of others, even when comments are seemingly innocuous
• Challenge the use of racial and ethnic categories whenever they are being used
• Draw attention to the larger context that shapes health and health care inequities
• Develop strategies to create a culturally safe environment for ALL patients (not just particular ones)
• Engage colleagues beyond your immediate clinical situation

Question 28

What is cultural safety?

Answer 28

is an outcome based on respectful engagement that recognizes and strives to address power imbalances inherent in the health care system. It results in an environment free of racism and discrimination, where people feel safe when receiving health care

Question 29

What is cultural humility?

Answer 29

Is a process of self-reflection to understand personal and systemic biases and to develop and maintain respectful processes and relationships based on mutual trust. Cultural humility involves humbly acknowledging oneself as a learner when it comes to understanding another’s experience

Question 30

What does cultural humility require?

Answer 30

Requires a commitment to lifelong learning, continuous self-reflection on one’s own assumptions and practices, comfort with ‘not knowing’, and recognition of the power/privilege imbalance that exists between clients and health professionals

Question 31

What does it mean when it defines cultural humility as interactive?

Answer 31

Is interactive: we approach another person with openness to learn; we ask questions rather than make assumptions; and we strive to understand rather than to inform.

Question 32

What are the 3 components of cultural assessment?

Answer 32

Important part of a comprehensive nursing assessment

Helps the nurse understand the meaning of decisions and behaviours that may otherwise be confusing or judged negatively

Includes exploration of all relevant factors and experiences that may have an impact on the person’s health, their reaction to or feeing about their health, and behaviours around illness or disease

Question 33

What does cultural safety look like in practice?

Answer 33

Ensure people have the opportunity to communicate in the language that they are able to speak and understand… ensuring that we provide interpreters/language services for patients who do not speak english