Class 3 - change Flashcards
(47 cards)
Define Change, according to Hoffart
transition process from an old state to a new state or to give a different position, course or direction
How is ‘change’ linked to leadership
- essential criteria for leadership
- leaders guide the change process
- leaders can inspire group towards change
what are characteristics of change?
from an old state to a new state
- natural social process
- involves individuals, groups, organizations, and society
- constant and accelerates at various rates
- inevitable and unpredictable
- complexity varies from high to low
what are two types of change theories?
- linear (planned) change
- non-linear (complex) change
What are the linear change models?
- Lewin, Force field model of change (3 steps)
- Lippitt et al, Watson, and Westley (7 steps)
- Havelock
- Kotter (8 steps)
Lewin Model description
- behaviour in an organization is a balance between two forces
- driving forces facilitate change (ex. incentives)
- restraining forces impede change
Lewin, what are the 3 steps of the change process
unfreeze, change, refreeze
Lewin 3 Step, break down
- unfreeze: aware of need for change, increase facilitators & decrease barriers
- change: implement new way, period of uncertainty
- refreeze: new way is adopted (the new normal)
Lewin, unfreeze step
- Where you have to communicate why this change is necessary
- Ensure everyone who will be affected by the change knows
- Make sure to deal with people’s doubts and concerns
Lewin, change step
- Where people get use to the idea that things will be different
- Keep communicating how the change will benefit the people involved so they continue to support it
- The change itself doesn’t happen overnight, so give people time to adjust
Lewin, refreeze step
- The change is set in place and becomes part of your organization’s culture
- Make sure people of the training an support they need to stay on the right track
- Regularly check that the change has happened, and that people are using the new processes that you’ve implemented
Lewin Model, what are ‘facilitators’ of change
- opinion leaders endorse the change
- change improves work life
Lew Model, what are ‘barriers’ of change
- lack of resources
- change makes work more difficult
Lippitt et al Model, what does it emphasize?
communication & problem solving
How is Lippitt et al related to Lewin’s model?
- unfreeze: phase 1-2
- change: phase 3-5
- refreeze: 6-7
what are the 7 phases of the Lippitt et al model
- 1, diagnose the problem
- 2, assess motivation & capacity for change
- 3, diagnosing the client’s system’s problem
- 4, establishing alternative routes
- 5, transforming intentions into actual efforts
- 6, stabilising change
- 7, terminal relationship
How is Havelock’s model related to Lewin’s model
It represents an expanded version of the Lewin model
Havelock’s Model, what does it emphasize?
relationship building
What are the 6 phases of Havelock’s model
- 1, building a relationship
- 2, diagnosing the problem
- 3, acquire resources for change
- 4, selecting a pathway for the solution
- 5, establish and accept change
- 6, maintenance and separation
Describe the use of Kotter’s Model
- create a sense of urgency
- form a coalition of informal leaders
- communicate the vision
- empower others to act on the vision
- celebrate accomplishments
- incorporate the change into the culture
What are the theories of for non-linear change?
- chaos theory
- Senge, learning organization theory
What is the idea behind the Chaos theory
small change in one area can cause a large, unexpected change elsewhere
What is needed in Organizations within the Chaos theory?
Large organizations are never stable. they need:
- effective leadership
- a guiding vision
- strong organizational beliefs
- open communication
What is the idea behind the Learning Organization theory
organizations & their employees that constantly learn from everything they do
