Class 5 & 6 Flashcards
(51 cards)
1
Q
subjective signs of pregnancy
A
- amenorrhea (no menstruation)
- nausea/vomiting
- excessive fatigue
- increased urination
- breast changes
- quickening (16-20 weeks) - early fetal movements
2
Q
Goodells sign (probable)
A
- softening of cervix
3
Q
chadwicks sign
A
- vagina changes color - deep violet
4
Q
hegars sign
A
- softening of lower uterine segment
5
Q
- probable signs
A
- goodells, chadwick, and hegars signs
- uterine enlargement
- HCG increase giving positive test
6
Q
Cervix changes that occur
A
- increased estrogen causes swelling
- goodells - softens
- mucus changes to butter
- colour changes (chadwicks)
7
Q
vagina changes that occurs
A
- vaginal mucosa thickens
- folds swell
- increased discharge
- yeast infections
- operculum (mucus plug)
- Ph lowers - acidic
8
Q
common weight gain
A
- 25-35 pounds
9
Q
HCG hormone - what does it do
A
- peaks in the beginning of pregnancy
- thickens uterine lining and stops menstration
10
Q
progesterone - what does it do
A
- prepares uterus for pregnancy
- helps immune system to not reject growing fetus
- spikes up to 36 weeks
11
Q
estrogen - what does it do
A
- aids in fetal growth and development
- stimulates oxytocin
- prepares for breast feeding
- slow increase to 40 weeks
12
Q
relaxin hormone - what does it do
A
- relaxes ligaments and arteries
13
Q
oxytocin
A
- stimulates uterine contractions
- released during breast feeding
14
Q
prolactin
A
- prepares breasts for lactation
15
Q
first trimester
A
- 0-14 weeks
- ambivalence to validation of pregnancy
- decreased sexual desire
- excited, apprehensive, tired, heart burn, nausea
16
Q
second trimester
A
- 13-28 weeks
- increased sexual desire
- daydreaming/fantasizing
- movement from fetus
- feel more energy, quickening, waiting, preparation for birth
17
Q
thrid trimester
A
- 28-40 weeks
- nesting, fears, decreased sexual desire
- feeling tired, uncomfortable, poor sleep, weight gain, uterine tightening
18
Q
revra rubins 4 tasks of pregnancy
A
- seeking safe passage for child
- ensuring acceptance of child
- developing a relationship
- learning to give of ‘herself’
19
Q
neagals calculation for EDD
A
- first day of last menstruation cycle minus 3 months + 7 days
20
Q
first stage of labour consists of
A
- early phase - cervix dilated 3cm
- active phase - dilated 3-7cm
- transitional phase - 7-10cm
21
Q
second stage of labour
A
- pushing phase and birth (30 minutes to 2 hours)
22
Q
- third stage of laor
A
- delivery of placenta and membranes
23
Q
fourth stage of labor
A
- 2 hours postpartum
24
Q
what are the 4 Ps
A
- passenger
- passage
- power (contraction)
- psyche (moms emotions)
25
what is normal fetal heart rate
- 110-160
26
early deceleration of fetal heart
- peak of contraction is the lowest point of deceleration
27
late deceleration
- always after contraction
28
cardinal movements
- engagement
- flexion
- descent
- internal rotation
- extension (head out)
- external rotation
- expulsion
29
early phase of stage one of labor duration
- 5-9 hours
- cervix relaxes and dilates
- contractions every 5-10 minutes lasts 30 seconds
30
active phase duration
- 4-6 hours
- dilates 4-8cm
- contractions last 2-5 minutes about 40-60 seconds in length (moderate)
31
transitional phase duration
30-60 minutes
- 8-10cm
- contractions every 1-2 minutes and lasts 60-90 seconds
32
variances during stage 1 of labor (during active and trasnitional)
- nullips - active labor progresses slowly at 1/2cm per hour
- multips - 1cm/hour
33
4 Ps: power variance
- weak uterine contractions
- uncoordinated to facilitate effacement and dilation
- fetal decent impaired
34
4Ps: Passenger Variance
- malposition, macrosomia, amniotic fluid
35
4Ps varaince: passageway
- maternal pelvic shape and size
36
4Ps varaince: psyche
- difficulty coping (trauma, ear, pain)
37
laboring person O2 needs decreased
- hypotension, hyperventilation, anemia, smoking
38
uturo placenta decreased O2 supply due to:
- overactive uterus
- infection of membrane
- placenta abruption
39
fetus decreased O2 supply:
- cord compression, low amniotic fluid, infection, anemia
40
what is dystocia
- failure to progress
- obstructed labor
- decreased dilation
41
fetal and maternal complications with dystocia
- exhaustion/distress
- intra-uterine infection
dehydration, hemorrhage
- risk factor: CPD
42
reasons for labor induction
- post dte, premature rupture, gestational diabetes, cardiac/renal conditions, chorio amnioitis, dystocia, CPD, fetal demise
43
what is oligohydramnios
- low amniotic fluid
- 400-500ml
- urinary tract issues, prolonged pregnancies
- can cause fetal injury/deformities
44
cord prolapse
- when amniotic membranes rupture and cord comes out before baby
- caused by: prematurity, fetal anomalies, polyhydramnios, multiples, low birth weight
45
causes of antepartum bleeding
- placenta previa, abruption of uterine wall
46
nuchal cord
- cord wrapped around fetus head
47
causes of breech positions
- prematurity, IUGR, multiple gestation, placenta previa, low amniotic fluid, hydrocephalus
48
compound/brow presentation
- head is in position and arm is being squished
49
risk fcators for shoulder dystocia to occur (and what happens at birth)
- maternal diabetes, obesity, post term pregnancy, macrosomia, multiple births
- turtle sign (head retracts against perineum
50
macrosomia causes and risks
- diabetes, genetics, post term
- risks: CPD, over distention uterus, hypotonic contractions, molding, head trauma, intracranial hemorrhage
51
indications of cesarean births (7)
- labor not progressing
- CPD
- abruption/placenta previa
- distress to mother or babe
- post date
- IUGR
- malposition
