Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCB 450 > Class 7: DNA structure and DNA replication > Flashcards

Class 7: DNA structure and DNA replication Flashcards

1
Q

central dogma of molecular biology

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 components of nucleotide

A

nitrogen base
carbon suger (deoxyribose)
phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the difference in end of a nucleic acid

A
  • one end has a phosphoryl group attached to the 5’ carbon atom of the sugar
  • one end has s free hydroxyl attached to the 3’ carbon of the sugar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in what directions are nucleic acids written

A

5’ to 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are DNA molecules long or short

A

they are usually extremely long, some consisting of more than 1 billion nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how is the DNA double helix stabilized

A

hydrogen bonds + and hydrogen stacking

  • edges and base pairs make hydrogen bonds
  • planar surfaces are hydrophobic causing an arrangement called ‘base stacking’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adenine always forms __ hydrogen bonds with thymine while guanine always forms __ hydrogen bonds with cytosine

A

2, 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chargaff’s Rule

A

the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine , and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine, and the total amount of purines equals the total amount of pyrimidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

phosphodiester bond

A

in a polynucleotide, this is the bond between the 3’’ hydroxyl of a sugar group in a nucleotide and a phosphate group attached to the 5’ carbon of another sugar group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

glycosidic bond

A

in DNA, refers to the nitrogen carbon linkage between the 9’ nitrogen of purine bases or 1’ nitrogen of pyrimidine bases and the 1’ carbon of the sugar group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

enzymes in purine synthesis

A

Glutamine:phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

enzymes in pyrimidine synthesis

A

oroate phosphoribosyltransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

melting temp of DNA

A

the temperature at which half of the DNA strands are in the random coil or single-stranded (ssDNA) state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

B form of DNA double helix

A

most common form
- “Watson-crick” helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A form of DNA double helix

A

which is shorter and wider than the B form with the bases at an angle rather than perpendicular to the helix axis. (RNA double helices and in RNA-DNA hybrid helices, structures observed in transcription and RNA processing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

z form of DNA double helix

A

Z DNA is left-handed and the backbone is zigzagged, accounting for the name “Z DNA.” (Alzheimer’s disease and Systemic lupus erythematosus

17
Q
A

B form

18
Q
A

A form

19
Q
A

Z form

20
Q

what presence of grooves allows what

A

allows access to the hydrogen bonding capabilities of the exposed bases

21
Q

what does hydrogen bonding capability do

A

this provides means of sequence-specific interactions

22
Q

what happens since glycosidic bonds aren’t diametrically opposite of each other

A

a major groove and minor groove side is fomred

23
Q

intercalating agent names

A

Ethidium bromide,
Acridine orange,
Actinomycin D

24
Q

what do intercalating agents do

A
  • hydrophobic molecules containing flat aromatic and fused
    heterocyclic rings can insert between the stacked base pairs of DNA.
  • potential cancer-reducing reagents
25
Q

eukaryotic DNA is found packaged with protein, forming a substance called …?

A

chromatin

26
Q

compaction of DNA into eukaryotic chromosome steps

A
27
Q

steps in prokaryotic DNA synthesis

A
  1. Separation of the two complementary DNA strands
  2. Formation of replication fork
  3. Priming the replication
  4. Direction of DNA replication
  5. Elongation of replication chain
  6. Excision of RNA primers and
    their replacement by DNA
  7. Ligation of the nick DNA
28
Q

Replication is prokaryotic DNA synthesis

A

bidirectional + semi-conservative

29
Q

DNA helicase

A

bind to single strand DNA and unwind the DNA double helix, ATP

30
Q

Single strand DNA-protein binding

A
  • bind to single strand DNA
    -keep the single strand DNA separated
  • protect DNA from cleavage
31
Q

DNA polymerase will only synthesize from…

A

5’ to 3’

32
Q

leading strand

A

is defined as the new DNA strand that is synthesized in the
in the direction of advancing replication fork (5’–>3’ direction), replicated continuously

33
Q

the lagoon strand

A

The lagging strand is the DNA strand at the opposite side of the replication fork from the leading strand, in the direction away from the replication fork (3’5’ direction), replicated discontinuously

34
Q

fill tha gap

A

polymerase

35
Q

seal the nick

A

ligase

36
Q

DNA plolymerase 2 activités

A
37
Q

DNA topoisomers 1

A

create nick for one strand of DNA

38
Q

DNA topoisomerase 2

A

breaks two strand winds super coil

MCB 450 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions