Class DEA Flashcards
What is material deprivation?
Lacking the physical necessities of life
What are the material out of school factors for underachievement?
Housing, diet and health, finances
Howard
Young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals and are more likely to eat ready made and microwave meals
Wilkinson
Children from porter homes are more likely to face emotional and behavioural problems
Smith and Noble
State schools have hidden costs e.g uniforms, transport, meals
Callender and Jackson
Found WC children 5x less likely to apply to university than MC children
Reay
WC more likely to apply to local universities to save on finances and work a part time job
What are the cultural out of school factors for underachievement?
Parental interest, attitudes and values, language and cultural capital
Douglas
MC parents expressed a greater interest, as indicated by more frequent visits to the school to discuss their children’s progress
Evaluation of Douglas
Blackstone and Mortimer- there could be a number of reasons WC parents are less likely to attend e.g. work shifts, transport or childcare
Sugarman
The attitudes of WC and MC subcultures were directly linked to educational achievement
WC values:
Immediate gratification, fatalism, collectivism, present time orientation
MC values:
Self determination, individualism, deferred gratification, future time orientation
What are the types of cultural capital?
- Embodied- refers to class indicators like accent and culture
- Objectified- ownership and access to social markers like art and music
- Institutionalised- signifies authority and power
Bourdieu
uses the concept of cultural capital to explain why MC students are more successful
What is cultural capital?
The knowledge, values, language, tastes, and abilities of the middle class that can be exchanged for educational success
Ball and Gerwitz
MC parents are in a better position to get their children into a good school than WC parents.
This is because MC have more social and cultural capital, stamina to research and material advantages.
Bernstein
Distinguishes between elaborated and restricted speech codes.
WC use restricted code characterised by short, grammatically simple sentences.
MC use elaborated code which means they can convey abstract ideas.
What are in school factors for underachievement?
Labelling, setting and streaming, subcultures and policies
Rist
Found teachers used information about the children’s home backgrounds and appearance to place them in separate group
Those labelled fast learners tended to be MC and of neat appearance
Those labelled clowns were likely to be WC and were seated further away from the teacher
Becker
Found how teachers viewed the ideal and non ideal pupil
Ideal pupil is from a non manual background, smart appearance, highly motivated and conformist behaviour
Non ideal pupil is from a manual background, scruffy appearance, lack motivation and are non conformist
Rosenthal and Jacobson
Found teacher’s expectations could significantly affect their pupil’s performance
Evaluation of self fulfilling prophecy
Fuller- self negative prophecy
Black girls reject their negative label and are motivated to work harder
Ball
Non academic factors were used to band pupils
For pupils of similar IQ, those whose fathers were non manual workers had more chance of being placed in the top band
Willis
Studied WC boys and antischool subcultures
