Class differences - External

Question 1

What does bernstein say about class differences (cultural deprivation) ?

Answer 1

Speech codes - w/c children are at a disadvantage due to differences in speech codes
Teachers use elaborate speech codes
m/c have early socialisation in elaborate speech codes and so are at an advantage

Question 2

what does douglas say about class differences (cultural deprivation)?

Answer 2

Parents education - w/c parents place less value on education = less ambitious for heir children = less encouragement e.g homework

Question 3

what does sugarman say about class differences (cultural deprivation)?

Answer 3

W/C subcultures - there are 4 key factors that act as a barrier to educational achievement :
- Fatalism - nothing you can do to change your status
- Collectivism - valuing being apart of a group > individual
- Immediate gratification - seeking pleasure now rather than later
- Present time orientation - seeing the present as more important that the future = no long term goals

Question 4

what does Howard say about class differnces (material deprivation)?

Answer 4

Diet and health - young people from poorer families have lower intakes of engergy vitamins and minerals = poor nutrition = poor health = weakening a childs immune system = more absences from school

Question 5

when it comes to material deprivation whar is said about housing?

Answer 5

poor housing can affect a pupils achievement
overcrowding = no room for educational activities like homework and greater risk of accidents
temporary accomodations = move frefrequently = no stability or focus

Question 6

what does bourdieu say about cultural capital in class differences ?

Answer 6

m/c children with cultural capital are better equipped to meet the demands of the school curriculum
parents can convert cultural capital to economic capital e.g private schools