Class External factors

Question 1

Cultural deprevation

Answer 1

Lack of norms and values which prevent them from achieving in education

Question 2

Language

S.Class language

Answer 2

Primary socialisation begin to learn to talk at home
Colloquial language

Question 3

Language barriers

Hubs- Tait eat al 2002

Answer 3

Where parents use language that challenges their children to evaluate their own ability - cognitive abilities improves

Question 4

Feinstein (2008)

Answer 4

Educated parents likely to ask Qs like ‘what do you think’
More likely to praise
Unlike WC require children to use simple language results in lower performance

Question 5

Engelmen 1966

Answer 5

Language used in LC homes is deficient
Children fail to develope language skills

Question 6

Bernstein 1975

Answer 6

Difference in W/C and M/C speech codes influence acheivement

Question 7

Restricted codes

Answer 7

Working class
Not articulated well, simple sentences
And difficult when it comes to school bc its like learning a new language

Question 8

Elaborate code

Answer 8

Middle class
Wider vocab can put them ahead when it comes to school
Gives them wider access when it comes to school

Question 9

Critics of Bernstein

Answer 9

Argue he is a cultural deprivation theorist as he describes wc socialisation as inadequate

Question 10

Douglas 1964 (Parents Education)

Answer 10

WC parents placed less value on education as result were less ambitious for their children and less likely to visit schools and discuss progress

Question 11

Parents education

Feinsteien 2008

Answer 11

argues that parents education is most important factor in their childs educational acheivement.
MC parents are educated

Question 12

Parenting style

Answer 12

Parenting style based on parents education where educated prance may emphasis discipline and high expectations

Less educated parents may inconsistently use discipline emphasising ‘doing what your told’ or ‘behaving yourself’

Question 13

parents educational behaviour

Answer 13

educated parents will be actively involved in their childs schooling and able to give expert advice

Question 14

Bernstein and young

Use of income

Answer 14

• MC mothers more likley to buy educational toys, books and activities stimulating intellectual development
• Also underderstand the importance of nutrition

Question 15

Working Class subcultures

Sugarman

Answer 15

argues that WC subcultures have 4 key fetures that are barrier for educational acheivemnt
- Fatalism
- Collectivism
- Immiate gratification
- Present-time orientation

Question 16

Fatalism

Answer 16

beilf in fate
‘what will be will be’

Question 17

Collectivism

Answer 17

valuing being in a group more than succeeding as an Individual

Question 18

present time oreintation

Answer 18

Present is more important than the future and don’t have long term goals

Question 19

immediate gratification

Answer 19

seeking pleasure now and not looking at the bigger picutrure

Question 20

Examples of Compensatory education

Answer 20

• Pupil premium
• Free school meals
• Bursery

Question 21

Operation Head start

Compensatory education

Answer 21

Operation head start US
multi-billion dollar scheme pre-school educatiom in poorer areas 1960s
* improving parenting skills
* setting up nursey classes
* home visits by educational psycologists

Question 22

Myth of cultural deprivation

Keddie (1973)

Answer 22

sees cultural deprivation as a ‘myth’ and sees it as victim blaming. Failure at school can be blamed on culturally deprived home background. Child can’t be deprived of its culture WC children are culturally different
* They are put at disadvantage by the education system as they are focused on MC values

Question 23

Myth of cultral deprivation

Blackstone and Mortimore (1994)

Answer 23

WC parents attend less parents evening not due to lack of interest but irregular working hrs or put of by middle class atomosphere

Question 24

Material deprivation

Answer 24

lack of material necesities adequate housing and income

Question 25

# **Material deprivation** Department of education 2012 (FSM)

Answer 25

barley 1/3 pupils eligible for FSM acheive 5 or more GCSEs (A*-C) inc English and maths

Question 26

# **Material deprivation** **Flaherty (2004)**

Answer 26

money problems in family are significant in younger childerns non-attendence

Question 27

# **Material deprivation** Poverty is linked to under acheivement EX

Answer 27

* Exclusion + Truency more likely whit childern from poorer families * nearlyb 90% os failing schools are in deprived areas

Question 28

# **Material deprivation** Housing

Answer 28

Can have a direct and infirect impact on their education like **overcrowding** They may not have a clear area to do work and stunting their educational success

Question 29

# **Material deprivation** Diet and health

Answer 29

younger people in poorer homes have poorer health negetivley impacting them **2 million pupils eligible for free school meals** * **Howard (2001)** have a lower energy intake * 1 in 5 are eating less meals than they should * can lead to greater abeseses from school

Question 30

# **Material deprivation** Cost of education

Answer 30

* the lack of financial support * not being able to access texbooks * **Smith+Noble** can't afford the best education * **Bull (1980)** 'the cost of free schooling'

Question 31

# **Material deprivation** The cost of education Flachty

Answer 31

Fear of stigma - leading to isolation

Question 32

# **Material deprivation** The cost of education EMA

Answer 32

**Education Maintaince Allowence - 1999** Financial support for poorer students staying post 16 abolished in 2011

Question 33

# **Material deprivation** Fear of Debt

Answer 33

* Cost increase for higher education 2012 £9,000 then £9,250 now is going to increase every year * UCAS saw 8.6% decrease in aplicants after price increase in 2012 * 30% of uni students are WC

Question 34

# **Material deprivation** Fear of Debt Reay (2003)

Answer 34

WC students pick closer unis which linkits their opportunities for higher rank unis

Question 35

# **Cultural capital** Bourdieu

Answer 35

there are three types of cultural capital. Both material and cultural factors lead to academic success **The habitus** Each social class has their own set of norms and values

Question 36

# **Cultural Capital** Cultural capital

Answer 36

the knowlage, attitudes, values and language of MC - gives advantage to thoes who posses it links to beirnstein and socialisation and gives MC advantage in academic setting WC on the other had disadvantaged as the schools environment devalues their culture 'get the message' education not meant for them

Question 37

# **Cultural capital** Educational and economic capital

Answer 37

MC childernm better equipped to meetv demands of the school wealthier parents are able to convert economic capital to educational sending their kids to private schools **Leech and compos' study of coventry MC parents more likely to move into the catchment areas for better schools 'Selection by morgage'- drives up costs of houses near more successful schools**

Question 38

# **Cultural capital** Social Capital

Answer 38

Having access to people who can open doors

Question 39

# **Cultural capital** Sullivan (2001) ## Footnote **MIC**

Answer 39

Questionaires 465 pupils in 4 schools assesing their cultural capital