Class - Factors

Question 1

Which class gets better results in general, the Middle Class or the Working Class?

Answer 1

The Middle Class

Question 2

How many external factors are there?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

How many internal factors are there?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

What are the 3 external factors?

Answer 4

Material deprivation
Cultural deprivation
Cultural capital

Question 5

What are the 4 components of material deprivation?

Answer 5

Housing
Diet and Health
Finances
Fear of Debt

Question 6

How does housing act as a disadvantage for the Working Class?

Answer 6

Working Class houses can be an unsuitable place for children to do schoolwork due to overcrowding or a lack of space to work in

Question 7

How does diet and health act as a disadvantage for the Working Class?

Answer 7

Working Class diets are typically not very nutritious, and some families may not be able to afford enough food. This can slow childrens’ development, lead them to get ill more often and miss school, or mean they are hungry at school which prevents learning

Question 8

How do finances act as a disadvantage for the Working Class?

Answer 8

Working Class families may not be able to afford things which would benefit a child’s education such as educational toys, textbooks, or tutoring. It could also mean students have to work a part time job alongside their studies

Question 9

How does fear of debt act as a disadvantage for the Working Class?

Answer 9

Working Class students may avoid going to university so that they do not build up student debt, or the costs associated with moving to a new city and living alone (such as rent, food, and bills)

Question 10

What is material deprivation?

Answer 10

A lack of money and the things that money can buy that can provide a good educational environment for a child at home and at school

Question 11

What is cultural deprivation?

Answer 11

A lack of the attitudes, values, norms, and beliefs that benefit a person (in education)

Question 12

What are the 4 components of cultural deprivation?

Answer 12

Parental interest
Parents’ own education
Attitudes and values
Language/speech codes

Question 13

How does parental interest act as an advantage for the Middle Class?

Answer 13

Children do better in education when their parents take an interest in it, by doing things like going to parents evening or contacting the school about helping their child

Question 14

How does parents’ own education act as an advantage for the Middle Class?

Answer 14

Parents who are highly educated will place more importance on their childrens’ education, and will help and encourage them to work harder/get higher grades

Question 15

How does attitudes and values act as an advantage for the Middle Class?

Answer 15

Middle Class families have attitudes and values which will help them in education, such as seeing their education as important, believing in hard work, and accepting that defferred gratification will benefit them in the long run

Question 16

How do speech codes act as an advantage for the Middle Class?

Answer 16

The Middle Class speak in an elaborated code, which is what the 3 Ts of education are conducted in: Teachers, Tests, and Textbooks

Question 17

What is cultural capital?

Answer 17

Attitudes, beliefs, likes, dislikes, interests, and KNOWLEDGE of the education system and what it values.

Question 18

What are the 4 internal factors?

Answer 18

Labelling
Setting and streaming
Subcultures
Marketisation policies

Question 19

What is labelling?

Answer 19

When an authority figure (such as a parent, teacher, or police officer) has an opinion of a person which they begin to internalise/believe

Question 20

How does labelling affect a student’s education based on their class?

Answer 20

Working Class students are often negatively labelled (e.g. lazy, disruptive, stupid) whilst Middle Class students are often positively labelled (e.g. intelligent, hard-working, polite)

Question 21

How does setting and streaming affect a student’s education based on their class?

Answer 21

Working Class students are typically placed into a lower set regardless of their academic ability, whilst Middle Class students are typically placed into a high set regardless of their academic ability

Question 22

How do subcultures affect a student’s education based on their class?

Answer 22

Working Class students may be more likely to join an anti-school subculture

Question 23

How do marketisation policies affect a student’s eduation based on their class?

Answer 23

Thanks to cream-skimming and educational triage, Middle Class students are often chosen by the best schools, whilst Working Class students are left to go to lower achieving schools

Question 24

What is the A-C Economy/educational triage?

Answer 24

Schools’ position on the league tables are only affected by students who achieve A-C grades. This leads schools to giving some support to their top students (e.g. A/A*), the most support to their middle students to ensure they get a C (e.g. C/D), and no support to their lowest achieving students as they are seen as ‘hopeless cases’ (e.g. below a D)

Question 25

What is cream-skimming?

Answer 25

This is where schools choose the highest achieving students (or the ‘cream of the crop’) to attend their schools

Question 26

What are selection policies?

Answer 26

Anything that helps schools choose the highest achieving students, such as entrance exams (e.g. the 11+)

Question 27

What is the ‘cost of free schooling’?

Answer 27

Things that cost money which are required to go to a ‘free’ state school, such as uniform, equipment, and transport

Question 28

What is silt-shifting?

Answer 28

This is where the lowest achieving students are left to go to the lowest achieving schools