Class lecture notes Flashcards

(55 cards)

1
Q

Heliocentric Universe

A

Sun Centered

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2
Q

Geocentric Universe

A

Earth Centered

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3
Q

Occam’s Razor

A

The simple explanation is usually the right one

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4
Q

What are Waves?

A

Disturbances that transmit energy

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5
Q

What is a Wavelength?

A

Distance between 2 crests or trough

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6
Q

What’s the Doppler Effect?

A

An ambulance moving towards you has higher pitch than after it passes you

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7
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

Colors visible to the human eye. 99.9% is not visible.

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8
Q

What is Red Light

A

Low frequency=long wavelength

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9
Q

What is Blue light

A

High Frequency=Short wavelength

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10
Q

What is a Red Shift

A

Light source moving away an observer appears redder

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11
Q

What is a Blue shift

A

Light source moving towards an observer appears bluer

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12
Q

What was the Big Bang

A

All matter and energy compressed to a single point and then exploded to form the universe

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13
Q

What is a Atom

A

Smallest building block of all matter. Made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons.

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14
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus

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15
Q

Atomic mass

A

Protons + Neutrons

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16
Q

What is an Isotope

A

Element with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

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17
Q

Nuclear fission

A

Splitting of an atom to release energy

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18
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

Atomic nuclei combine to produce a new element and a lot of energy

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19
Q

STELLAR Nucleosynthesis

A

Nuclear fusion within stars to form new elements

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20
Q

SUPERNOVA Nucleosynthesis

A

When a star dies it produces heavier elements

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21
Q

What is the Oort cloud

A

Region of icy objects that exist beyond the outmost reaches of the solar system

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22
Q

What’s a Heliosphere

A

Bubble of plasma and magnetic fields

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23
Q

Kuiper belt

A

Comets originate from the belt with Neptune’s orbit being the inner edge

24
Q

What does Neptune’s orbit define?

A

Defines interplanetary space

25
What is the Nebular theory
Explains the formation of our sun and planetesimals
26
Inner planets
Small and rocky: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
27
Outer planets
Gas giants. Large, gassy, and icy.
28
How did the atmosphere and ocean form?
Atmosphere developed from volcanic gases
29
What makes the Earth Habitable
Not too close/far from the sun and has a good magnetic field
30
Why Mars is NOT habitable
No magnetic field and no water
31
Why Venus is NOT habitable
Runaway greenhouse effect, thicker atmosphere, and it is way too hot
32
Earth's magnetosphere
Deflects most of the solar wind
33
Van Allen Radiation Belt
Region that traps charged particles produced by solar wind
34
Geodynamo
Helps produce Earth's magnetic field. The field is produced by churning of liquid iron in Earth's outer core
35
What percentage of the Earth is Land vs Sea
30% dry land and 70% ocean.
36
What is Pangea
Super continent that broke up and drifted
37
Where is ocean crust formed (Seafloor spreading)
New Ocean crust is formed at mid ocean ridges
38
What happens within Subduction zones
Old oceanic lithosphere is subducted beneath continents and occasionally oceans
39
What is Paleomagnetism
Iron rich materials record the orientation and intensity of earths magnetic field
40
Magnetic field flips how often?
450,000 years
41
What are Chrons
Longer intervals
42
What are Subchrons
Shorter intervals
43
What is the youngest sea floor
Mid ocean ridges
44
How old is the oldest sea floor
250 MA
45
Divergent boundary
Plates spread apart
46
Convergent boundary
Plates come together
47
Transform boundary
Plates slide past eachother
48
What has the Same DENSITY but different MASS
Mountain belts
49
What has the same MASS but a different DENSITY
Mid ocean ridges
50
What are Tectonic plates
large, rigid pieces of Earth's crust and upper mantle that move slowly over time
51
What is Continental rifting
Continental lithosphere can sometimes break apart
52
Rifting produces what?
Volcanos and Earthquakes
53
Rifting LEADS to what?
Sea floor spreading
54
What is Subduction
Denser lithosphere dives below less dense lithosphere
55
What are Plumes
Upwelling of hot mantle material. Originate in the core mantle boundary below hotspots.