Class Notes Flashcards
1
Q
Every good fire fighter ought to receive cash money
A
Explosives Gases Flammable Liquids Flammable Solids Oxidizers Toxics Radioactive Corrosive Mixed Loads
2
Q
Every
A
Explosives
3
Q
Good
A
Gases
4
Q
Fire
A
Flammable Liquids
5
Q
Fighter
A
Flammable Solids
6
Q
ought
A
Oxidizers
7
Q
to
A
toxics
8
Q
receive
A
radioactive
9
Q
cash
A
corrosive
10
Q
money
A
mixed loads
11
Q
small spills are less than our equal to…
A
55 gallons
12
Q
large spills are over…
A
55 gallons
13
Q
Solubility
A
the ability to mix with H2O
14
Q
the ability to mix with H2O
A
solubility
15
Q
specific gravity
A
float or sink in H2O
16
Q
float or sink in H2O
A
specific gravity
17
Q
IDLH
A
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
-30 minutes exposure will cause death or irreversible injury
18
Q
Ca
A
Cancer/Carcinogen
19
Q
Hot Zone
A
10% of LEL
10% of LEL also IDLH
20
Q
REL
TWA
TLB
A
Niosh…
Relative Exposure Limit
—Time Weighted Average
Threshold Limit Value
-8 hrs/day for 7 days?
21
Q
STEL
A
Short term exposure limit
-what you can be in for 15 minutes
22
Q
LC50
LD50
A
Lethal Concentration
Lethal Dose
-kills 50% of subjects given to
23
Q
MW
A
Molecular weight of product
MW air=29
24
Q
RgasD
A
Relative Gas Density (compared to air)
Vapor Density
25
Vapor Pressure
How bas something wants to turn into a gas at room temperature and pressure.
(IUPAC = 68 degrees F/20 degrees C; 1 atm/sea level)
Volatility is 180; greater than 180 is more volatile
Liquid at room temp<760mm/Hg(1 atm)
26
greater than _______ mm/Hg vapor pressure is more volatile
180
27
Liquid at room temp
760mm/Hg(1 atm)
28
1300 rule
VP x 1300 = PPM in closed container
29
above ______ is soluble for our purposes
10%
30
placards go on _______; labels go on _________
- vehicles
| - containers
31
Table 1 is ________; Table 2 is greater than ________`
- any amount
| - exceeds 1001 lbs
32
TIH/PIH
Toxic Inhalation Hazard or Poisonous Inhalation Hazard
-highlighted green
33
IDLH
Vapor or Gas
| 30 min positive exposure = death or irreversible injury
34
coagulative necrosis
- with acids
| - not deep and hurts
35
liquifactive necrosis
- skin feels soapy
| - continues to penetrate till used up
36
health diamond toxic is
3 and 4 for our purposes
37
states of matter
- liquid
- solid
- gas
*matter has mass an occupies space
38
different phases/states of matter basically how...
close molecules are together
39
what cause phase changes between states of matter?
- heat
- pressure
- chemical reactions
40
Vapor
gas exists as a gas at room temperature. vapors come off of liquid when heat or pressure applied.
41
sublimation
solid to gas
42
deposition
gas to solid
43
melting
solid to liquid
44
freezing
liquid to solid
45
evaporation
liquid to gas
46
condensation
gas to liquid
47
if you add pressure it _________ boiling temperature
increases
48
2 ways to make gas a liquid
- cooling (cryogenic)
| - pressure (propane tank)
49
chemical asphixiant
- interferes with bodies ability to use O2 (greater affinity)
- ie- carbon monoxide, cyanide
50
odor threshold
amount that needs to be in air to smell it
*odor threshold could be equal to LEL so we don't use nose/ot
51
olfactory fatigue
after certain amount won't smell it anymore
52
PH
-how basic (more than 7) or acidic (less than 7) something is
-logarythmic scale
(8 is 10x moe basic than 7, 9 is 100x more basic than 7, 10 is 1000x more basic than 7; 6 is 10x more acidic than 7, 5is 100x more acidic than 7)
53
bases
alkaline
| caustics
54
element
something that can't be broken down to anything else
55
compound
chemically joined elements
56
atom
smallest unit of an element
57
molecule
singular atoms or elements joined together
58
atoms made of
- protons (positive charge)
- neutrons
- electrons (negative charge)
59
atomic number
number of protons/electrons
60
atomic number
number of protons/electrons
61
________ defines elements
number of protons
62
atomic mass
of protons + Neutrons
63
________ are inside a molecule; _________ circle around outside
- protons and neutrons
| - electrons
64
AMU
atomic mass units
| -used to measure atomic mass
65
avagadro's number
MOL-->6.022 x 10^23
66
4 H MEDIC ANNA
-13 gasses lighter than air
- Hydrogen
- Helium
- Hydrogen Cyanide
- Hydrogen Fluoride
- Methane
- Ethylene
- Diborane
- Illuminating Gases
- Carbon Monoxide
- Accetylene
- Neon
- Nitrogen
- Ammonia
67
Diatomic elements
-Have 2 atoms
HAVE NO FEAR OF ICE COLD BEER
- Hydrogen (H2)
- Nitrogen (N2)
- Fluoride (F2)
- Oxygen (O2)
- Iodine (I2)
- Chlorine (Cl2)
- Bromine (Br2)
68
Inert Gases
(stable) Have all of their valence shells full.
| * everything wants to trend towards stability
69
electronegativity
-the likelihood that one element will grab an electron from another one.
70
Ion
charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule.
71
cation
positively charged atom or molecule
72
anion
negatively charge atom or molecule
73
Ionic Bonds
- type of inorganic bond
- transfer of electrons
*Ionic bonds are between a metal and non metal
74
Ionic bonds are between a ...
metal and non metal
75
Oxydation reduction reaction
an element that loses an electron has been oxidized
76
elements that gain an electron become _________
negatively charged
77
elements that lose an electron become _________
positively charged
78
Cations are always listed ________ Anions
- before
| ie: Sodium Chloride Na+Cl-
79
binary salt
- metal + nonmetal with no oxygen
- ends in "ide"
*FOR THE HAZARDS OF BINARY SALTS, LOOK IT UP.
80
For the hazards of binary salts...
look it up
81
if you see something with a high boiling point it is most likely a...
binary salt
82
Polarity
- stuff that's polar mixes with other stuff that polar
| - stuff that's non-polar mixes with non-polar stuff
83
Characteristics of binary salts (4)
1) High boiling point
2) soluble
3) Polar
4) Solids
84
4 binary salts that have significant hazards that you need to know (for others "LOOK IT UP")
NORTH CAROLINA HIGHWAY PATROL
- Nitrides +H2O--> Ammonia Gas (NH3)
* toxic & flammable (will hot IDLH before flammability)
- Carbides +H2O--> Acetylene gas
* extremely WFR (wide flammable range); 2.5-100%
- Hydrids +H2O--> Hydrogen gas
* flammable 4-74%
- Phosphides +H2O--> PhosPHENE Gas
* Toxic in small doses (IDLH 50PPM); just as toxic as cyanide
85
Metal oxide salt
any metal from left side of table + oxygen
86
what happens when you add H2O to metal oxide salt?
- gives off heat and
| - caustic liquid runoff
87
Metal Peroxide Salt
Metal + 2 Oxygen
88
what happens when you add H2O to metal peroxide salt?
- heat
- CLR (caustic liquid runoff)
- liberates O2 (bigger fire); oxygen gas
89
Metal Hydroxide Salt
metal + polyatomic Ion (OH)- or (hydrogen & oxygen ionic bond aka hydroxide ion)
90
OH- behaves like a ...
nonmetal
91
what happens when you add H2O to metal hydroxide salt?
- heat
| - clr (*MOST CAUSTIC LIQUID RUNOFF)
92
typically metals ______ electrons while non metals _______ electrons
- give away
| - take
93
Cyanide Salts
Metal + (CN)-
| *must keep ph above 10 to keep it from becoming HCN (gas)
94
what happens when you add H2O to cyanide salt?
HCN Hydrogen Cyanide Gas with IDLH of 50PPM
95
ammonium salts
NH4 + Nonmetal
* Look up specific hazards
- can be exothermic (heat producing) or endothermic (cold producing; ie-ice packs)
96
what are some hazards of ammonium salts?
- can be explosive
| - can produce NH3 gas when heated
97
what are some hazards of ammonium salts?
- can be explosive
| - can produce NH3 gas when heated
