class packet! Flashcards
(30 cards)
Lee Harvey Oswald
army veteran who assassinated JFK
Isaac woodard
isaac Woodard Jr. was an American soldier and victim of racial violence. An African-American World War II veteran, on February 12, 1946, hours after being honorably discharged from the United States Army, he was attacked while still in uniform by South Carolina police as he was taking a bus home.
Emmett till
Emmett Louis Till was a 14-year-old African American youth, who was abducted and lynched in Mississippi in 1955 after being accused of offending a white woman, Carolyn Bryant, in her family’s grocery store
Medgar Evers
Medgar Evers is best known as a prominent civil rights activist and the first field secretary of the NAACP in Mississippi, who was assassinated in 1963, becoming a martyr for the civil rights movement.
16 st church bombing
The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing was a terrorist bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama on September 15, 1963. The bombing was committed by a white supremacist terrorist group.
black panthers
The Black Panther Party was a Marxist–Leninist and black power political organization founded by college students Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton in October 1966 in Oakland, California. revolutionary organization with an ideology of Black nationalism, socialism, and armed self-defense, particularly against police brutality
what is plessy v ferguson
In the landmark 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, the court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws, establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine, which allowed states to maintain segregated facilities for African Americans and whites as long as they were deemed equal.
what is Brown v board
“Brown v. Board of Education” was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that declared state-sponsored segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the “separate but equal” doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a pivotal civil rights protest in 1955-1956 where African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, refused to ride city buses to protest segregated seating, sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger.
SCLC
Southern Christian Leadership Conference. s an African-American civil rights organization based in Atlanta, Georgia. SCLC is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr., who had a large role in the American civil rights movement.
Why did school desegregation go so slow?
widespread resistance from individuals and communities, including violent opposition, legal maneuvering, and the gradual weakening of federal support for desegregation efforts.
Did Eisenhower agree with Brown v Board- why or why not? How did he respond and why?
President Eisenhower, while acknowledging his constitutional duty to uphold the Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, was not enthusiastic about the decision and initially avoided strong endorsement, but ultimately sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce integration.
Crisis in Little rock
integration of public school. 9 students sent. faubus (govener) did not want integrated schools. eisenhower barely interfered, airborne 101 sent to protect students.
sit ins
lunch counter sit is. idea of religion and hypocrisy with racism. to beat AA, weapons wer whatever was on lunch counter. pictures sent around world. sparked nationwide movement.
SNCC
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
group of black students who protested nonviolently
Freedom riders/kennedys resoponse
a group of civil rights activists who rode interstate buses to the south to challenge Jim crow laws. JFK sent federal marshals to protect to riders.
James meredith
African American veteran and civil rights activist. first AA student at ole miss. lead march against fear - march on voting rights - was shot.
bull conner
Birmingham Commissioner of Public Safety
very racist, didn’t like civil rights movement
called KKK on freedom riders
During the Birmingham riots of 1963, Connor ordered police officers and firefighters to use police dogs, high-pressure fire hoses, and batons against peaceful protesters, including children.
letter from Birmingham jail
The main point of Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” is that civil disobedience against unjust laws is a moral responsibility, and waiting for gradual change is inadequate in the face of racial injustice. imprisoned while doing anon violent protest
Civil Rights Bill of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964, outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and addressed issues like voting rights, employment, public accommodations, and education.
How did JFK’s assassination help to get this passed?
(civil rights bill)
JFK’s assassination provided Lyndon B. Johnson, his successor, with a powerful moral and political platform to secure passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as he framed it as a tribute to Kennedy’s legacy and a way to honor his commitment to civil rights.
Role of the March on Washington?
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, held on August 28, 1963, aimed to advocate for civil and economic rights for African Americans, drawing attention to racial discrimination and supporting pending civil rights legislation, culminating in Martin Luther King Jr.’s iconic “I Have a Dream” speech.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
When Congress enacted the Voting Rights Act of 1965, it determined that racial discrimination in voting had been more prevalent in certain areas of the country
Selma march
march in Selma, Alabama for voting rights. AA were the majority, but only 3% voted. Selma - Montgomery, was a brutal attack, known as bloody Sunday. 70 people hospitalized.
