Class Questions/Discussion Flashcards
What is the key digestive role of the
gastric juices?
To break macromolecules down to absorbable pieces
Why pepsin is produced as an inactive
proenzyme, pepsinogen?
A. To protect the stomach lining
B. To protect pepsin from inactivation
C. To stimulate release of other
enzymes
A. To protect the stomach lining
Which one of the following is an accessory organ
in the digestive system:
A. Stomach
B. Tongue
C. Duodenum
D. Esophagus
B. Tongue
Bile is produced in the:
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Duodenum
A. Liver
Salivary α 1-4 amylase has its pH optimum at 6.9. pH of saliva
= 7. What happens with α 1-4 amylase in the stomach?
A. The activity of the enzyme will NOT
be affected in the stomach
B. The enzyme will be immediately
inactivated in the acidic pH of the
stomach
C. The enzyme will be active until the
pH in the stomach drops down as a
result of acid production
The enzyme will be active until the
pH in the stomach drops down as a
result of acid production
Free sugars are:
A. Simple sugars added to foods during
production, cooking or consuming
B. Simple sugars naturally present in
honey, syrups, and fruit juices
C. Both A and B are correct
C. Both A and B are correct
Which transporter is involved in active transport of glucose
into enterocytes?
A. SGLT1
B. GLUT5
C. GLUT2
D. GLUT4
A. SGLT1
Which organ produces the digestive enzymes that are responsible for digestion of the majority of lipids?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Small intestine
B. Pancreas
Boiled red potatoes have very high (above 80 in reference to glucose) Glycemic Index (GI) when:
A. Are consumed hot
B. Are consumed cold
C. Always, no matter if hot or cold
A. Are consumed hot
Glucokinase is present in the ______ where it ________ glucose and is _________ by the product of the catalyzed reaction.
A. Muscle, phosphorylates, inhibited
B. Liver, phosphorylates, NOT inhibited
C. Muscle, dephosphorylates, NOT inhibited
D. Liver, phosphorylates, inhibited
E. Muscle, phosphorylates, NOT inhibited
B. Liver, phosphorylates, NOT inhibited
Glycogen stored in muscle does not contribute directly to blood glucose levels because:
A. Muscle lacks glucose-6-phosphatase to
convert glucose-6-phosphate to free
glucose
B. Muscle lacks glucokinase to convert
glucose-6-phosphate to free glucose
C. It is not true, glycogen in muscle
contributes to blood glucose levels
A. Muscle lacks glucose-6-phosphatase to
convert glucose-6-phosphate to free
glucose
Which of the following enzymes participates in generation of
ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation in TCA cycle?
A. Succinate dehydrogenase
B. Malate dehydrogenase
C. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
D. Succinyl-CoA synthetase
E. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
D. Succinyl-CoA synthetase
Resistant starch that is formed during cooling of
cooked starchy foods can:
A. Increase glycemic response following
carbohydrate ingestion
B. Increase absorption of glucose
C. Stimulate the gut motility
D. Decrease glycemic response following
carbohydrate ingestion
E. Bind cholesterol
D. Decrease glycemic response following
carbohydrate ingestion
_______ is one of the richest sources of _______which is
________ and ________ fiber.
A. Barley, pectins, soluble, highly fermentable
B. Barley, beta-glucans, soluble, highly
fermentable
C. Carrots, fructans, soluble, highly fermentable
D. Carrots, pectins, soluble, non-fermentable
E. Strawberries, lignin, soluble, highly
fermentable
B. Barley, beta-glucans, soluble, highly
fermentable
The daily recommended intake for fiber differs between
men and women because it is:
A. Based on the risk of cardiovascular
disease
B. Based on the physiologic tolerance
for high-fiber diets
C. Based on the carbohydrate
requirements
D. Based on the energy requirements
D. Based on the energy requirements
Adequate fiber intake has been associated with disease
prevention and/or treatment. Which of the following
effects characterizes both soluble and insoluble fiber
and has been related to chronic disease prevention:
A. Increased fecal volume
B. Reduced nutrient absorption
C. Increased satiety
D. Delayed transit time
B. Reduced nutrient absorption
C. Increased satiety
What could explain a beneficial effect of
saturated fat from dairy on the lipid profile?
A. Food matrix
B. The amounts per serving size
C. Types of saturated fat
D. Absorption efficiency
E. All the above could be correct
E. All the above could be correct
Which lipoprotein is responsible for the
transport of cholesterol to peripheral tissues?
A. Chylomicron
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. HDL
C. LDL
What is the carrier for short-chain fatty acids in
portal circulation?
A. Triacylglycerol
B. Cholesterol
C. Chylomicron
D. Albumin
D. Albumin
Which one of the following ethanol oxidation products
leads to the impaired formation and function of proteins,
including those related to the release of VLDL from the
liver, in chronic alcoholism?
A. Increased NADH:NAD ratio
B. Acetaldehyde
C. Acetyl-CoA
D. Acetate
B. Acetaldehyde
The association of alcohol consumption and risk of
cardiovascular disease was described as a J-shaped or Ushaped relationship. What does this mean?
A. Moderate alcohol consumption increases
the risk of stroke
B. Alcohol intake leads to an increased
chronic disease risk because alcohol
cannot be metabolized in the human body
C. Moderate alcohol consumption is
associated with reduced chronic disease
risk compared to not drinking alcohol
D. Abstinence is the healthiest life-style
C. Moderate alcohol consumption is
associated with reduced chronic disease
risk compared to not drinking alcohol
Which of the following amino acids can be conditionally
essential in pre-term infants?
A. Leucine
B. Cysteine
C. Glycine
D. Valine
B. Cysteine
T/F: The bonds responsible for quaternary protein structure
are also creating tertiary protein structure
True
In case of intestinal injury, which of the following amino
acids become conditionally indispensable (essential)
amino acids?
A. Glutamate and glutamine
B. Arginine and proline
C. Methionine and cysteine
D. Aspartate and ornithine
B. Arginine and proline
