Class Test 2 Flashcards
3 physical barriers against infection and description of how they prevent pathogen infections
- skin, 2. mucous membranes, 3. stomach acid
Difference between phagocytes and lymphocytes
Innate vs. adaptive
Specific vs. non-specific immunity against pathogens
Phagocytes are part of the inate immune system and engulf pathogens. Phagocytes provide a non-specific response.
Lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immune system and send T-Cells to attack the antigens that are on pathogens. Lymphocytes provide a specific response to pathogens.
Features of innate immune system
You are born with this immune response, and it is way quicker than the adaptive immune system.
Features of adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system develops as you grow up and experience different types of pathogens.
What process do phagocytes perform to destroy pathogens?
They engulf the pathogens.
State what memory cells are
Memory cells remember a pathogen from a primary immune response so the secondary immune response is more effective/faster.
Active vs. passive immunity
Active immunity is the immunity created from antibodies made by yourself while passive immunity is the immunity created from others creating antibodies for you (sometimes in case you yourself can’t make antibodies.)
Differentiate between natural and artificial forms of active immunity
Natural active forms of immunity are, for example, when your body is exposed to a pathogen and creates its own antibodies, while an artificial form, like a vaccine is developed outside the body and helps your body create antibodies to defend itself from a pathogen.
Differentiate between natural and artificial forms of passive immunity
When your mother gives birth to you, you receive antibodies from your mother as well as from the breast milk you drink, which is passive natural immunity. Passive artificial immunity is when a vaccine is put in an animal to create antibodies before being given to you (which is another way in case artificial active immunity is impossible for you).
How does a vaccine lead to immunity? (reference antibodies, memory cells, and secondary immune response)
A vaccine leads to immunity when a weak pathogen is put into your body which triggers the primary immune response. Your memory cells remember the pathogen so when the secondary immune response is triggered you can be safer and possibly not sick from the pathogen when it comes back again.
What cells does HIV effect?
HIV affects T-Cells.
How does AIDS develop and what are its symptoms?
Because the T-Cells can’t do anything since they have been disabled by HIV, AIDS is able to cause pneumonia, fever, weight loss, diarrhea, and being more susceptible to more infections.
What are two similarities between the nervous and endocrine systems?
The nervous system and endocrine system both control coordination and they regulate organs, cells, tissues, etc.
What are three differences between the nervous and endocrine systems?
Nervous system is fast, endocrine system, is slow, nervous system sends electrical impulses (through nerves), endocrine system sends (chemical through bloodstream), nervous is localized, endocrine is widespread.
Why does the human body need COORDINATION to survive?
The human body needs coordination to survive because then our body couldn’t do the things we are able to do like eating, drinking, moving, etc.
